Sodium Pyruvate, Natrium Pyruvat, Sodium Oxopropanoate, Sodium Ketopropionate, 113-24-6
SODIUM PYRUVATE - TECHNICAL DATA SHEET (TDS)
CAS Number: 113-24-6
EC Number (EINECS): 204-024-4
Molecular Formula: C₃H₃NaO₃
Molecular Weight: 110.04 g/mol
Chemical Class: Organic acid salt (alpha-keto acid salt)
SECTION 1: PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND CHEMICAL IDENTITY
| Parameter |
Description |
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) |
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate |
| Other Names |
Sodium Pyruvate, Pyruvic Acid Sodium Salt, Sodium Oxopropanoate, Natrium Pyruvat, 2-Oxopropanoic acid sodium salt |
| CAS Number |
113-24-6 |
| EC Number (EINECS) |
204-024-4 |
| Molecular Formula |
C₃H₃NaO₃ |
| Molecular Weight |
110.04 g/mol |
| Chemical Class |
Organic acid salt (alpha-keto acid salt) |
| Structure |
CH₃COCOONa |
| Appearance |
White to slightly yellowish crystalline powder |
| Physical State |
Solid |
| Odor |
Faint characteristic |
| pH (1% aqueous solution) |
~7.0 (neutral) |
SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property |
Value / Range |
| Molecular Formula |
C₃H₃NaO₃ |
| Molecular Weight |
110.04 g/mol |
| Appearance |
White to slightly yellowish crystalline powder |
| Odor |
Faint characteristic |
| Melting Point |
> 200°C (decomposes) |
| Solubility in Water |
High solubility (completely soluble) |
| Solubility in Ethanol |
Very slightly soluble |
| pH (1% aqueous solution) |
~7.0 (neutral) |
| Hygroscopicity |
Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture) |
| Storage Temperature |
2–8°C, dry, airtight containers |
| Stability |
Hygroscopic; store under inert atmosphere |
SECTION 3: SOLUBILITY PROFILE
| Solvent |
Solubility |
Condition |
| Water |
Completely soluble |
Room temperature |
| Ethanol |
Very slightly soluble |
- |
| Methanol |
Slightly soluble |
- |
| DMSO |
Soluble |
- |
| Acetone |
Slightly soluble |
- |
Critical Note: Sodium pyruvate is highly soluble in water (completely soluble), making it ideal for aqueous cell culture media and biochemical applications. It is hygroscopic and should be stored in airtight containers.
SECTION 4: PRODUCTION METHOD
| Parameter |
Description |
| Method |
Pyruvic acid + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium pyruvate + Water |
| Reaction |
CH₃COCOOH + NaOH → CH₃COCOONa + H₂O |
| Industrial Process |
Tartaric acid → Dehydration → Oxaloacetic acid → Decarboxylation → Pyruvic acid → +NaOH → Sodium pyruvate |
| Conditions |
Inert atmosphere (nitrogen); crystallization for purification; vacuum drying |
| Purity |
≥ 98.0% |
SECTION 5: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS
| Property |
Description |
| Chemical Class |
Organic acid salt (alpha-keto acid salt) |
| Functional Groups |
Ketone (C=O), carboxylate (-COO⁻) |
| Reactivity |
Moderate; undergoes typical alpha-keto acid reactions |
| Acidification |
Converts to pyruvic acid in acidic medium |
| Reduction |
Can be reduced to lactic acid (lactate dehydrogenase) |
| Transamination |
Participates in amino acid synthesis (e.g., alanine) |
| Oxidative Decarboxylation |
Converts to acetyl-CoA, entering TCA cycle |
| Antioxidant |
Neutralizes reactive oxygen species (H₂O₂) |
| Thermal Decomposition |
> 200°C decomposes; releases CO, CO₂ |
| Hygroscopicity |
Absorbs moisture from air |
5.1. Key Reactions
| Reaction Type |
Description |
| Acidification |
Pyruvic acid formation in acidic medium |
| Reduction |
Lactic acid formation (with lactate dehydrogenase) |
| Transamination |
Amino acid synthesis (alanine, etc.) |
| Oxidative Decarboxylation |
Acetyl-CoA → TCA cycle |
| Antioxidant |
Neutralizes H₂O₂ and other reactive oxygen species |
SECTION 6: MAJOR APPLICATIONS AND END-USES
6.1. Cell Culture (Most Important Application)
| Application |
Function |
Suitability |
| Cell Culture Media |
Energy source, enhances cell growth and viability |
High |
| Mammalian Cell Culture |
Metabolic support, energy source |
High |
| Hybridoma Culture |
Cell viability and productivity enhancer |
High |
| Bacterial and Yeast Cultures |
Carbon source |
High |
6.2. Antioxidant
| Application |
Function |
Suitability |
| Free Radical Scavenger |
Neutralizes reactive oxygen species (H₂O₂) |
High |
| Protection from Oxidative Stress |
Protects cells from oxidative damage |
High |
| Antioxidant Formulations |
Reduces oxidative damage |
High |
6.3. Biochemistry
| Application |
Function |
Suitability |
| Glycolysis Studies |
Substrate for metabolic pathway research |
High |
| TCA Cycle Studies |
Substrate for cellular respiration research |
High |
| Enzyme Assays |
Substrate for enzyme activity studies |
High |
| Metabolic Research |
Energy metabolism research |
High |
6.4. Pharmaceutical
| Application |
Function |
Suitability |
| Neuroprotective Effects |
Brain injury, hypoxia, allergic rhinitis research |
High |
| Metabolic Support |
Metabolic disorder research |
High |
| Drug Formulations |
Active ingredient or excipient |
High |
6.5. Cosmetics
| Application |
Function |
Suitability |
| Anti-Aging Formulations |
Skin regenerating, collagen synthesis support |
High |
| Skin Care Products |
Protective and restorative effects |
High |
| UV Protection |
Free radical scavenger |
High |
6.6. Food and Fermentation
| Application |
Function |
Suitability |
| Fermented Products |
Naturally occurring, flavor contribution |
High |
| Food Supplements |
Energy metabolism support |
High |
| Biotechnology |
Carbon source in microbial production media |
High |
SECTION 7: INDUSTRY SUITABILITY MATRIX
| Industry |
Suitability |
Explanation |
| Biotechnology / Cell Culture |
High |
Energy source, cell viability enhancer |
| Pharmaceuticals |
High |
Neuroprotective, metabolic support |
| Cosmetics |
High |
Anti-aging, collagen synthesis support |
| Biochemistry |
High |
Glycolysis, TCA cycle studies |
| Food / Fermentation |
High |
Carbon source, flavor contribution |
| Microbiology |
High |
Carbon source for bacteria and yeast |
| Nutraceuticals |
High |
Energy metabolism support |
SECTION 8: OTHER NAMES AND IDENTIFIERS
| Type |
Name / Description |
| IUPAC Name |
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate |
| Commercial Names |
Sodium Pyruvate, Natrium Pyruvat |
| Synonyms |
Pyruvic Acid Sodium Salt, Sodium Oxopropanoate, 2-Oxopropanoic acid sodium salt |
| CAS Number |
113-24-6 |
| EC Number |
204-024-4 |
| HS Code |
29183000 |
SECTION 9: COMPARISON WITH OTHER PYRUVATE SALTS
| Property |
Sodium Pyruvate |
Potassium Pyruvate |
Calcium Pyruvate |
| Molecular Weight |
110.04 g/mol |
126.15 g/mol |
186.18 g/mol |
| Water Solubility |
Completely soluble |
Slightly soluble |
Slightly soluble |
| Cation |
Na⁺ |
K⁺ |
Ca²⁺ |
| Primary Use |
Cell culture (most common) |
Cell culture, cosmetics, supplements |
Sports supplements |
| Advantage |
Most widely used, highest solubility |
Potassium supplementation |
Calcium supplementation |
| Cost |
Lower |
Moderate |
Higher |
SECTION 10: TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH EFFECTS
| Parameter |
Value / Description |
| GHS Classification |
Warning |
| Hazard Statements |
H317 (May cause allergic skin reaction), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation) |
| Precautionary Statements |
P261 (Avoid breathing dust), P280 (Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection), P302+P352 (IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water), P305+P351+P338 (IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water) |
| Oral LD50 (Rat) |
> 2,000 mg/kg |
| Skin Irritation |
Not irritating |
| Eye Irritation |
Mild irritant |
| Skin Sensitization |
May cause allergic skin reaction (H317) |
| Mutagenicity |
Negative |
| Carcinogenicity |
Not classified |
| Target Organs |
Skin, eyes |
| WGK (Germany) |
1 (slight hazard to water) |
| Metabolism |
Natural intermediate in cellular metabolism |
SECTION 11: ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS
| Alternative |
Description |
Use |
| Calcium Pyruvate |
Used in sports supplements; claimed to support fat burning |
Sports nutrition |
| Pyruvic Acid (Pure) |
More reactive, less stable |
Research, synthesis |
| Sodium Lactate |
Buffer and energy source in cell culture |
Cell culture, buffers |
| GlutaMAX™ (L-alanyl-L-glutamine) |
Stable form of glutamine |
Cell culture |
| Sodium Acetate |
Alternative carbon source in biological buffer systems |
Biochemistry |
| Lactic Acid |
Cheaper, different role in energy metabolism |
Food, cosmetics |
| Acetic Acid |
Simple carbon source, no antioxidant effect |
Food, biochemistry |
| Glucose |
Main energy source, does not buffer oxidative stress |
Cell culture |
| Glutamine |
Alternative energy and nitrogen source |
Cell culture |
| Alanine |
Can be converted to pyruvate via transamination |
Biochemistry |
SECTION 12: ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
| Parameter |
Value / Description |
| Biodegradability |
Readily biodegradable |
| Aquatic Toxicity |
Low |
| Bioaccumulation |
Low |
| Water Hazard Class (WGK Germany) |
WGK 1 (slight hazard to water) |
SECTION 13: SAFETY AND STORAGE
| Parameter |
Information |
| Storage Conditions |
Cool, dry, well-ventilated area |
| Temperature |
2–8°C (refrigerated) |
| Container |
Tightly closed, airtight, original packaging |
| Special Requirements |
Hygroscopic; store under inert atmosphere (N₂) |
| Materials to Avoid |
Moisture, strong oxidizers, strong acids |
| Shelf Life |
24 months (under recommended conditions) |
| Packaging |
25 kg drums, 500 kg big bags |
SECTION 14: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter |
Information |
| UN Number |
Not regulated (not classified as dangerous goods) |
| Hazard Class |
Not applicable |
| Packing Group |
Not applicable |
| Proper Shipping Name |
Sodium Pyruvate |
| ADR/RID |
Not regulated |
| IMDG Code |
Not regulated |
| IATA (Air) |
Not regulated |
| Marine Pollutant |
No |
SECTION 15: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter |
Information |
| Fire Hazard |
Combustible dust |
| Extinguishing Media |
Water fog, CO₂, dry chemical, foam |
| Special Hazards |
When heated, releases CO, CO₂ |
| Decomposition Products |
CO, CO₂, sodium oxides |
| Protective Equipment |
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
SECTION 16: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE AND CLEANUP
| Parameter |
Information |
| Personal Protection |
Gloves, safety goggles, dust mask |
| Ventilation |
Increase ventilation |
| Cleanup Methods |
Sweep while preventing dust formation; collect in sealed containers |
| Environmental Precautions |
Prevent entry into drains |
| Waste Disposal |
According to local regulations |
SECTION 17: FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route |
Action |
| Inhalation |
Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist. |
| Skin Contact |
Remove contaminated clothing. Wash with soap and plenty of water. |
| Eye Contact |
Rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. |
| Ingestion |
Do NOT induce vomiting. Drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention. |
SECTION 18: REGULATORY INFORMATION
| Region / Authority |
Status |
| EU REACH |
Registered |
| Turkey KKDİK |
Registration required |
| USA TSCA |
Listed |
| EINECS |
204-024-4 |
| WGK (Germany) |
1 (slight hazard to water) |
SECTION 19: SUMMARY AND CRITICAL WARNINGS
Product Summary
| Parameter |
Value |
| Product |
Sodium Pyruvate |
| CAS |
113-24-6 |
| Appearance |
White to slightly yellowish crystalline powder |
| Molecular Weight |
110.04 g/mol |
| Water Solubility |
Completely soluble |
| Key Industries |
Cell culture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biochemistry |
CRITICAL WARNINGS
-
Most Widely Used Pyruvate Salt: Sodium pyruvate is the most commonly used pyruvate salt in cell culture and biochemical applications due to its high water solubility and availability.
-
High Solubility: Completely soluble in water, making it ideal for aqueous cell culture media and biochemical assays.
-
Energy Metabolism: Sodium pyruvate is a key intermediate in cellular energy metabolism. Serves as a substrate for glycolysis and the TCA cycle.
-
Antioxidant Properties: Acts as a free radical scavenger, neutralizing reactive oxygen species (H₂O₂), protecting cells from oxidative stress.
-
Neuroprotective Potential: Research indicates neuroprotective effects in brain injury, hypoxia, and allergic rhinitis treatment.
-
Hygroscopic: Sodium pyruvate is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture). Store in airtight containers under inert atmosphere (N₂).
-
Skin Sensitizer: May cause allergic skin reactions (H317). Use appropriate PPE during handling.
-
Storage: Store at 2–8°C (refrigerated), in dry, airtight containers.
-
Alternatives: Calcium pyruvate is used in sports supplements; potassium pyruvate is preferred when potassium supplementation is desired; pyruvic acid is more reactive but less stable.
-
Regulatory Status: Registered under REACH. Not classified as dangerous goods. WGK 1 (slight hazard to water).
IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and is based on available technical data. The user is solely responsible for determining the product's suitability for their specific application and for complying with all applicable local, national, and international regulations. Sodium pyruvate is hygroscopic and may cause allergic skin reactions! For complete safety, storage, handling, transportation, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, always refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. Users are responsible for testing the product in their own processes and applications. All local, national, and international regulations must be followed when working with Sodium Pyruvate.
