Lidokain Base, Lignocaine, Xylocaine, 137-58-6

Lidokain Base, Lignocaine, Xylocaine, 137-58-6

Lidocaine has distinct physical and chemical properties that make it effective as a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent:

1. Chemical Formula: C₁₄H₂₂N₂O

2. Molecular Weight: 234.34 g/mol

3. Appearance: White to slightly yellow crystalline powder.

4. Melting Point: 66–69°C

5. Boiling Point: 180–182°C (at reduced pressure).

6. Density: Approximately 0.9944 g/cm³.

7. Solubility: Practically insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol and chloroform.

8. pKa: 7.88 (in water), indicating its weakly basic nature.

9. Stability: Stable under normal conditions but incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Lidocaine base, also known as lidocaine or lignocaine, is a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic medication. It is commonly used to numb tissue in a specific area (local anesthesia) and to treat certain types of irregular heartbeats. Lidocaine works by blocking nerve signals in the body, which helps to reduce pain or discomfort during medical procedures or conditions.

It is available in various forms, including topical creams, gels, sprays, and injectable solutions. Lidocaine is widely used in medical and dental procedures, as well as for minor skin irritations and injuries.

Lidocaine is widely utilized in medicine for its local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. Its common medical uses include:

1. Local Anesthesia: Lidocaine is used to numb specific areas of the body during minor surgical, dental, or medical procedures.

2. Pain Relief: It is applied topically in creams, gels, or patches to alleviate pain from conditions like sunburns, insect bites, minor skin irritations, and certain types of neuropathic pain.

3. Arrhythmia Management: Intravenous lidocaine is used in hospitals to treat certain life-threatening heart rhythm disorders, particularly ventricular arrhythmias.

4. Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia: It is used as an epidural or spinal anesthetic to provide pain relief during childbirth or certain types of surgeries.

5. Post-Herpetic Neuralgia: Lidocaine patches are often prescribed to ease the pain following shingles (herpes zoster) outbreaks.

Lidocaine can cause side effects, ranging from mild to severe, depending on the form used and individual sensitivity. Common side effects include:

1. Local Reactions: Redness, swelling, itching, or a burning sensation at the application or injection site.

2. Neurological Effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, or headache.

3. Cardiovascular Issues: Low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, or, in rare cases, cardiac arrest.

4. Allergic Reactions: Rash, hives, or swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.

5. Serious Effects: Seizures, difficulty breathing, or methemoglobinemia (a blood disorder).

Lidocaine is a widely used local anesthetic, but it has distinct characteristics compared to other anesthetics:

1. Duration of Action: Lidocaine is short-acting, typically lasting 1-2 hours. In contrast, anesthetics like bupivacaine are long-acting, providing pain relief for up to 4 hours or more.

2. Onset Time: Lidocaine has a rapid onset, making it ideal for procedures requiring quick numbing.

3. Safety Profile: Lidocaine is generally safe but may cause transient neurological symptoms (TNS) more frequently than other anesthetics when used for spinal anesthesia.

4. Concentration and Efficacy: Compared to articaine, lidocaine has a lower concentration (2% vs. 4%), which may require higher doses to achieve the same level of anesthesia

Lidocaine has a wide range of medical applications due to its local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. Some common uses include:

1. Local Anesthesia: It is widely used to numb specific areas for minor surgeries, dental procedures, and other medical interventions.

2. Topical Pain Relief: Lidocaine creams, gels, and patches help manage pain from minor skin irritations, burns, insect bites, and chronic conditions like post-herpetic neuralgia.

3. Antiarrhythmic Agent: Intravenous lidocaine is used in hospital settings to treat life-threatening heart rhythm disorders, particularly ventricular arrhythmias.

4. Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia: It provides effective pain management during childbirth and certain surgical procedures.

5. Nerve Pain: Lidocaine is used to manage certain nerve-related pain conditions, offering relief through its numbing effect.

Lidocaine stands out among local anesthetics due to its unique properties, but how it compares depends on the context of use:

1. Speed of Onset: Lidocaine acts quickly, typically numbing the area within 2-5 minutes. This makes it a top choice for procedures requiring rapid anesthesia. In comparison, bupivacaine and ropivacaine have slower onsets but longer durations.

2. Duration of Action: Lidocaine provides anesthesia for about 1-2 hours. On the other hand, bupivacaine and ropivacaine last much longer (up to 4-6 hours), making them ideal for prolonged procedures or pain management.

3. Toxicity and Safety: Lidocaine has a good safety profile and a lower risk of toxicity when compared to bupivacaine, which is more potent but has a higher risk of cardiotoxicity.

4. Specialized Applications: Lidocaine is commonly used for general local anesthesia, while other anesthetics like articaine are preferred for dental procedures because of their superior bone penetration.

5. Cost and Availability: Lidocaine is generally less expensive and more widely available compared to some newer anesthetics like ropivacaine.

The CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) number for lidocaine is 137-58-6

Lidocaine is known by various names in different contexts. Here are some of its common alternative names:

1. Lignocaine: Frequently used in British English-speaking countries.

2. Xylocaine: A popular brand name for lidocaine formulations.

3. 2-(Diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide: Its chemical name.

4. Alpha-Diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide: Another scientific identifier.

5. CAS Number: Officially recognized as 137-58-6 for regulatory and scientific purposes.