Ferro Manganese, Ferro Mangan, Ferromanganese, Iron-Manganese Alloy, 12604-53-4
FERRO MANGANESE – FERRO MANGANESE
1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION
| Parameter |
Information |
| Chemical Name |
Ferro Manganese |
| Other Names |
Ferromanganese, Iron-Manganese Alloy, FeMn, Steel Strengthener, Alloying Metal, Sulfur Remover, Deoxidizing Agent, Industrial Manganese |
| Alloy Type |
Iron-manganese alloy |
| Chemical Symbol |
FeMn |
| CAS Number |
12604-53-4 |
| Appearance |
Gray metallic solid (lumps / granules) |
| Odor |
Odorless |
| Physical State (20°C) |
Solid (lumps, granules, or crushed) |
| Alloy Class |
Ferroalloy |
2. WHAT IS FERRO MANGANESE?
Ferro Manganese (FeMn) is a ferroalloy composed of iron and manganese. It is one of the most widely used ferroalloys in steelmaking. It serves three primary functions: deoxidation (oxygen removal), desulfurization (sulfur removal), and alloying (adding manganese to steel). There are two main types: High Carbon Ferro Manganese (HC) and Low Carbon Ferro Manganese (LC).
3. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
| Element |
High Carbon (HC) (%) |
Low Carbon (LC) (%) |
CAS Number |
| Manganese |
65 – 75 |
75 – 85 |
7439-96-5 |
| Iron |
Balance (~20-35%) |
Balance (~10-25%) |
7439-89-6 |
| Carbon |
6.0 – 8.0 |
≤ 1.0 |
7440-44-0 |
| Silicon |
≤ 2.0 |
≤ 1.5 |
7440-21-3 |
| Phosphorus |
≤ 0.30 |
≤ 0.20 |
7723-14-0 |
| Sulfur |
≤ 0.03 |
≤ 0.02 |
7704-34-9 |
4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Property |
High Carbon (HC) |
Low Carbon (LC) |
| Appearance |
Gray metallic solid |
Gray metallic solid |
| Density |
~7.2 g/cm³ |
~7.3 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point |
1,100 – 1,200 °C |
1,200 – 1,300 °C |
| Bulk Density |
~4.5 – 5.5 g/cm³ |
~4.5 – 5.5 g/cm³ |
| Hardness |
Hard and brittle |
Hard and brittle |
| Color |
Gray to dark gray |
Gray to silver-gray |
| Magnetic Properties |
Magnetic |
Magnetic |
5. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property |
High Carbon (HC) |
Low Carbon (LC) |
| Chemical Composition |
FeMn (Iron + Manganese) |
FeMn (Iron + Manganese) |
| CAS Number |
12604-53-4 |
12604-53-4 |
| Manganese Content |
65 – 75% |
75 – 85% |
| Carbon Content |
6.0 – 8.0% |
≤ 1.0% |
| Deoxidation |
Strong |
Very strong |
| Desulfurization |
Good |
Very good |
| Stability |
Stable under normal conditions |
Stable under normal conditions |
6. FERRO MANGANESE TYPES
| Property |
High Carbon (HC) |
Low Carbon (LC) |
| Mn Content |
65-75% |
75-85% |
| C Content |
6.0-8.0% |
≤ 1.0% |
| Application |
General steelmaking |
Low-carbon steels |
| Hardness Effect |
High |
Moderate |
| Ductility Effect |
Low |
High |
| Brittleness |
Higher |
Lower |
| Cost |
Lower |
Higher |
7. PRODUCTION PROCESS
| Step |
Description |
| 1. Raw Material Preparation |
Manganese ore (Mn₂O₃, MnO₂), iron ore, and coke preparation |
| 2. Blast Furnace / Arc Furnace |
MnO₂ + Fe + C → FeMn + CO₂ |
| 3. Casting |
Pouring liquid alloy into molds |
| 4. Cooling |
Controlled cooling |
| 5. Crushing |
Crushing to appropriate lump/granule size |
| 6. Sieving |
Size classification |
| 7. Packaging |
Packing in steel drums or big bags |
8. APPLICATIONS
8.1. Deoxidation (Oxygen Removal)
| Application |
Description |
| Oxygen Removal |
Removes dissolved oxygen from molten steel |
| Porosity Reduction |
Prevents porosity formation in steel |
| Quality Improvement |
Produces cleaner, higher quality steel |
8.2. Desulfurization (Sulfur Removal)
| Application |
Description |
| Sulfur Binding |
Mn + S → MnS (manganese sulfide formation) |
| Hot Shortness Prevention |
Prevents sulfur-induced hot shortness |
| Steel Quality |
Improves toughness and ductility of steel |
8.3. Alloying Agent
| Application |
Description |
| Strength |
Increases steel strength |
| Hardness |
Increases steel hardness |
| Wear Resistance |
Improves wear and impact resistance |
| Hardenability |
Improves heat treatment capability |
8.4. Steel Type Applications
| Steel Type |
Preferred Ferro Manganese |
| Carbon Steel |
High Carbon (HC) |
| Low-Carbon Steel |
Low Carbon (LC) |
| Stainless Steel |
Low Carbon (LC) |
| Tool Steel |
High Carbon (HC) |
| HSLA Steel |
Low Carbon (LC) |
9. EFFECTS OF MANGANESE IN STEEL
| Property |
Effect of Manganese |
| Deoxidation |
Strong oxygen remover |
| Desulfurization |
Binds sulfur as MnS |
| Tensile Strength |
Increases |
| Yield Strength |
Increases |
| Hardness |
Increases |
| Ductility |
Maintains |
| Toughness |
Increases |
| Hardenability |
Improves |
| Hot Shortness |
Reduces |
| Wear Resistance |
Increases |
10. RECOMMENDED ADDITION RATES
| Steel Type |
Mn Addition (%) |
FeMn Required (kg/ton) |
| Structural Steel |
0.5 – 1.0 |
7 – 14 |
| Carbon Steel |
0.6 – 1.5 |
9 – 22 |
| Tool Steel |
1.0 – 2.0 |
14 – 28 |
| Stainless Steel |
1.0 – 2.5 |
14 – 35 |
| HSLA Steel |
1.0 – 2.0 |
14 – 28 |
| Rolled Steel |
0.3 – 0.8 |
4 – 12 |
11. ADVANTAGES OF FERRO MANGANESE
| Advantage |
Description |
| Deoxidation |
Effectively removes oxygen from steel |
| Desulfurization |
Removes sulfur by forming MnS |
| Strength Increase |
Significantly increases steel strength |
| Hardness Increase |
Increases steel hardness |
| Wear Resistance |
Increases wear resistance |
| Toughness Increase |
Improves steel toughness |
| Economic |
Cost-effective manganese source |
| Recyclability |
100% recyclable |
| Versatility |
Wide range of applications |
12. PHYSICAL FORMS
| Form |
Description |
Typical Size |
| Lumps |
Irregular chunks |
10 – 100 mm |
| Granules |
Small particles |
1 – 10 mm |
| Crushed |
Medium-sized pieces |
5 – 50 mm |
| Powder |
Fine powder |
< 1 mm |
| Briquettes |
Compressed form |
Various |
13. HIGH CARBON vs LOW CARBON SELECTION
| Factor |
High Carbon (HC) |
Low Carbon (LC) |
| Carbon Need |
High-carbon steels |
Low-carbon steels |
| Ductility |
Lower |
Higher |
| Brittleness |
Higher |
Lower |
| Cost |
Lower |
Higher |
| Manganese Content |
65-75% |
75-85% |
| Weldability |
Lower |
Higher |
| Cold Forming |
Limited |
Good |
14. SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION
| Parameter |
Information |
| Hazard |
Not hazardous in solid form |
| Dust |
Inhalation of manganese dust may cause respiratory irritation |
| Fumes |
Melting fumes may contain manganese oxides |
| Manganism Risk |
Prolonged dust exposure may cause neurological damage (manganism) |
| Skin Contact |
May cause mechanical irritation |
| Eye Contact |
May cause mechanical irritation |
| Carcinogenicity |
Not classified |
| Mutagenicity |
Not classified |
14.1. FIRST AID MEASURES
| Route of Exposure |
Action |
| Inhalation |
Remove to fresh air. If breathing difficulty, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact |
Wash with plenty of soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing. |
| Eye Contact |
Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion |
Rinse mouth. Seek medical attention. |
15. STORAGE AND HANDLING
| Parameter |
Information |
| Storage Conditions |
Cool, dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements |
Clean, dry container (steel drum or big bag) |
| Protect From |
Moisture, acids, strong oxidizing agents |
| Shelf Life |
Unlimited (with proper storage) |
| Handling Precautions |
Prevent dust formation; use respiratory protection |
| Special Warning |
Dust may cause respiratory irritation and long-term neurological damage |
16. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter |
Information |
| UN Number |
Not regulated (not a hazardous material) |
| Hazard Class |
Not applicable |
| Packing Group |
Not applicable |
| ADR/RID |
Not regulated |
| IMDG Code |
Not regulated |
| IATA (Air) |
Not regulated |
| Marine Pollutant |
No |
17. PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type |
Quantity |
Material |
| Steel Drum |
100 – 250 kg |
Steel |
| Big Bag (FIBC) |
500 – 1,000 kg |
Polypropylene |
| Steel Box |
500 – 1,000 kg |
Steel |
| Plastic Lined Bag |
25 – 50 kg |
PP/PE |
| Custom Packaging |
Customer requirements |
Various |
18. REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority |
Status |
| European Union (REACH) |
Registered substance |
| USA (EPA TSCA) |
Listed on TSCA inventory |
| China |
Listed on inventory |
| Japan (CSCL) |
Listed on CSCL inventory |
| ISO 9001 |
Certified production |
19. OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type |
Name |
| Turkish Names |
Ferro Mangan, Demir-Mangan Alaşımı, Yüksek Karbon Ferro Mangan (YK), Düşük Karbon Ferro Mangan (DK) |
| English Names |
Ferro Manganese, Ferromanganese, Iron-Manganese Alloy |
| Chemical Names |
FeMn, Ferromanganese Alloy |
| Common Names |
Steel Strengthener, Alloying Metal, Sulfur Remover, Deoxidizing Agent, Industrial Manganese |
| CAS Number |
12604-53-4 |
20. SUMMARY AND CRITICAL WARNINGS
Product Summary
| Parameter |
High Carbon (HC) |
Low Carbon (LC) |
| Product |
Ferro Manganese (HC) |
Ferro Manganese (LC) |
| CAS Number |
12604-53-4 |
12604-53-4 |
| Manganese Content |
65 – 75% |
75 – 85% |
| Carbon Content |
6.0 – 8.0% |
≤ 1.0% |
| Appearance |
Gray metallic solid |
Gray metallic solid |
| Primary Applications |
Carbon steels |
Low-carbon steels |
CRITICAL WARNINGS
1. High Carbon vs Low Carbon Selection: High Carbon (HC) contains 6-8% C and is suitable for carbon steels. Low Carbon (LC) contains less than 1% C and is preferred for low-carbon steels and stainless steels.
2. Deoxidation: Ferro manganese is one of the most important oxygen removers in steelmaking. Improves steel quality and prevents porosity formation.
3. Desulfurization: Manganese binds with sulfur to form MnS (manganese sulfide), removing sulfur from steel. Prevents hot shortness.
4. Alloying: Imparts strength, hardness, and wear resistance to steel. Improves hardenability.
5. Manganism Risk: Prolonged manganese dust exposure can cause serious neurological damage (manganism). Respiratory protection is mandatory in dust-generating operations.
6. Storage: Store in dry, cool, well-ventilated area. Protect from moisture.
7. Recycling: 100% recyclable with high commercial value.
8. Quality Control: Verify chemical composition (Mn, C, Si, P, S) for each batch. Impurities can affect steel quality.
9. Versatility: Performs three essential functions: deoxidation, desulfurization, and alloying.
10. Addition Calculation: Manganese recovery is typically 90-95%. Consider this rate in alloy calculations.
11. Stainless Steel: LC is preferred for stainless steel production because low carbon content preserves corrosion resistance.
12. Critical Raw Material: Manganese is a critical raw material for steel production. Supply chain considerations are important.
IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and is prepared based on available technical data. The user is responsible for determining the suitability of the product for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. This document is not a substitute for professional or medical advice.
