Bismuth, Bismuth Metal, 7440-69-9

Bismuth, Bismuth Metal, 7440-69-9

Bismuth is a metallic element represented by the symbol "Bi" on the periodic table, with an atomic number of 83. It is a non-toxic, brittle metal known for its colorful oxides and low melting point. Bismuth has unique physical properties and a wide range of applications. Below are the technical, physical, and chemical properties, applications, and other details about bismuth:

Technical Properties:

• Symbol: Bi

• Atomic Number: 83

• Atomic Weight: 208.98

• CAS Number: 7440-69-9

• Crystal Structure: Rhombohedral.

• Classification: Post-transition metal (weak metal).

Physical Properties:

• Color: Silvery-pink, lustrous metal.

• Density: 9.78 g/cm³ (a high-density metal).

• Melting Point: 271.4°C (low melting point).

• Boiling Point: 1564°C.

• Hardness: Approximately 2.25 on the Mohs hardness scale (soft and brittle metal).

• Magnetic Properties: Diamagnetic (weakly repels magnetic fields).

Chemical Properties:

• Reactivity: Stable in air and water at room temperature. Forms a thin oxide layer on its surface.

• Reaction with Acids and Bases: Dissolves in dilute acids and rapidly dissolves in nitric acid.

• Compounds: Forms compounds such as bismuth trioxide (Bi₂O₃), bismuth chloride (BiCl₃), and bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃).

• Toxicity: Bismuth and its compounds are generally non-toxic, making them suitable for medical applications.

Applications:

1. Medical Applications:

   • Bismuth compounds (e.g., bismuth subsalicylate) are used to treat peptic ulcers and stomach disorders.

   • Used as a radiopaque agent in X-ray imaging.

2. Alloys:

   • Used in low-melting-point alloys (e.g., solder alloys and fire sprinkler systems).

3. Cosmetics and Pigments:

   • Bismuth oxide is used in cosmetics and pigments (e.g., "bismuth blue").

4. Electronics and Semiconductors:

   • Bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃) is used in thermoelectric materials.

5. Nuclear Industry:

   • Used as a coolant in nuclear reactors.

6. Art and Decoration:

   • Bismuth crystals are used for decorative purposes due to their colorful and aesthetic appearance.

Other Names:

• Bismuth (English)

• Bismuth Metal

• Bi (Chemical Symbol)

Common Names in Everyday Language:

• Bismuth is often referred to as the "rainbow metal" or "colorful metal" because its oxidized surface exhibits iridescent colors.

Why Should It Be Preferred?

1. Non-Toxicity:

   • Can replace toxic heavy metals like lead (e.g., in lead-free solders).

2. Low Melting Point:

   • Ideal for producing low-melting-point alloys.

3. Thermoelectric Properties:

   • Bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃) is used in thermoelectric materials that convert heat into electricity.

4. Aesthetic Appeal:

   • Bismuth crystals are popular for decorative and artistic purposes.

Environmental and Health Impacts:

• Environment: Bismuth is environmentally friendly and easily breaks down in nature.

• Health: Bismuth and its compounds are generally non-toxic, making them safe for medical use.

Safety Precautions:

• Proper personal protective equipment (gloves, mask) should be used when handling bismuth powder or compounds.

• Bismuth waste should be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner.

Conclusion:

Bismuth is a non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and versatile metal with a wide range of applications, from medicine and electronics to cosmetics and art. Its ability to replace toxic metals like lead has made it an important material in modern industry. Bismuth's unique properties and aesthetic appeal continue to make it a valuable element in various fields.