Cadmium Rod, Cadmium Metal Rod, 7440-43-9

CADMIUM ROD (CADMIUM METAL)

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

    Cadmium Rod (Cd)
    
    Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) Crystal Structure
    
         Cd  Cd  Cd  Cd
           \  |  /  |
            Cd Cd Cd Cd
           /  |  \  |
         Cd  Cd  Cd  Cd
    
    Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP) Crystal Structure
    Soft, Ductile Metal

Molecular Formula: Cd (Elemental)
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)
Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²
Oxidation States: +2 (primary)
Magnetic Properties: Diamagnetic

SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY

SECTION 4: COMPARISON OF CADMIUM AND RELATED METALS

SECTION 5: PRODUCTION METHODS

Method 1: Recovery from Zinc Ore (Most Common)

• Process: Zinc ore → Roasting → Leaching → Cementation → Purification → Cadmium

• Description: Cadmium is present in trace amounts in zinc ores; Obtained as a by-product during zinc production; Cadmium is precipitated by cementation; Purification yields pure cadmium; Most common industrial production method

Method 2: Electrolytic Method

• Process: Cadmium salt solution → Electrolysis → Pure cadmium

• Reaction: Cd²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cd (deposition at cathode)

• Description: Cadmium salt solution is electrolyzed; Pure cadmium deposits on cathode; Produces high-purity cadmium (99.99%+)

Method 3: Distillation Method

• Process: Crude cadmium → Vacuum distillation → Pure cadmium

• Description: Crude cadmium is distilled under vacuum; Volatile impurities are removed; High-purity cadmium is obtained

Method 4: Recycling

• Process: Ni-Cd batteries → Recycling → Cadmium recovery

• Description: Cadmium is recovered from spent nickel-cadmium batteries; Sustainable production method

SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MECHANISM OF ACTION

SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS

SECTION 8: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (PURE CADMIUM ROD)

SECTION 9: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

SECTION 10: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING

GHS Classification (Compliant with CLP and UN GHS):

Signal Word: DANGER

Hazard Pictograms: GHS06 (Skull and Crossbones), GHS08 (Health Hazard), GHS09 (Environment)

Hazard Statements (H-Codes):

NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:

SECTION 11: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

SECTION 12: FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 13: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

SECTION 14: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

SECTION 15: PACKAGING OPTIONS

SECTION 16: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 17: REGULATORY STATUS

SECTION 18: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

SECTION 19: SUMMARY TABLE

SECTION 20: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• Causes cancer (H350). IARC Group 1; NTP Known human carcinogen. AVOID exposure at ALL costs.

• Toxic if swallowed (H301). Toxic if inhaled (H331). AVOID ingestion and inhalation.

• Suspected of causing genetic defects (H341). Avoid exposure.

• May damage the unborn child (H360D). Handle with extreme caution.

• Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (H372). Kidney damage, bone demineralization (itai-itai disease).

• Very toxic to aquatic life (H400/H410). AVOID environmental release.

• Accumulates in the body. Biological half-life ~25-30 years.

• Non-combustible but powder form may be combustible.

• Incompatibilities: Keep away from strong oxidizing agents, acids, halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and moisture.

• Hygiene Requirement: Contaminated clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. Separate work clothing required.

• Store separately from food and feed. Store locked up.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Ni-Cd Battery Production: Use as electrode material in nickel-cadmium batteries; High energy density; Long cycle life; Low temperature performance; Maintain strict purity specifications; Implement recycling systems.

• Corrosion Plating: Use cadmium plating to protect steel and other metals from corrosion; Aerospace and marine applications; Acts as sacrificial anode; Ensure proper waste management.

• Nuclear Applications: Use as neutron absorber in control rods for nuclear reactors; High neutron capture cross-section; Nuclear safety systems; Requires strict safety protocols.

• Handling: Use ONLY in well-ventilated areas or under fume hoods; AVOID dust generation at ALL costs; Wear chemical-resistant gloves, protective goggles, face shield, and NIOSH-approved HEPA-filtered respiratory protection.

• Personal Protective Equipment: Wear impermeable gloves (nitrile, neoprene, butyl), chemical safety goggles, full-face shield, protective clothing, and NIOSH-approved cadmium fume/dust respirator (HEPA-filtered).

• Hygiene: Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using; Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not take contaminated working clothes home; Shower at the end of the work shift; Regular blood/urine cadmium level monitoring.

• Storage: Store in tightly closed, properly labeled containers in dry conditions; Store separately from food and feed; Keep away from acids and oxidizing agents; Store locked up; Regular monitoring for cadmium contamination.

• Spill Response: AVOID raising dust; Wear full PPE; Vacuum or wet-sweep (DO NOT dry sweep); Place in properly labeled closed containers; Do not allow to enter drains or waterways; Decontaminate the affected area properly.

• Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Cadmium is regulated as hazardous waste; Do not discharge into sewers or water sources; Use licensed waste disposal facilities.

SPECIAL NOTE ON ITAI-ITAI DISEASE (CADMIUM POISONING):

Cadmium poisoning (itai-itai disease) is a serious health condition:

• Symptoms: Bone demineralization (osteomalacia); Severe bone pain; Kidney damage; Calcium loss; Difficulty walking; Bone fractures

• Source: Prolonged cadmium exposure (especially through food and water); Environmental contamination

• Body: Cadmium accumulates in kidneys and bones (half-life 25-30 years)

• Prevention: AVOID exposure at ALL costs; Use appropriate PPE; Regular health check-ups; Environmental controls

SPECIAL NOTE ON CADMIUM ALTERNATIVES:

Due to cadmium toxicity, alternatives are being developed for many applications:

• Ni-Cd Batteries: Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) and Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries

• Corrosion Plating: Zinc, aluminum, nickel plating

• Pigments: Organic pigments, zinc and titanium-based pigments

• Semiconductors: Alternatives to cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells

• Neutron Absorption: Boron, hafnium, gadolinium

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:

The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, this document does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing suitability for their own applications. For complete safety, storage, handling, transportation, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.