Tin Anode, Tin Rod, Tin Block, Tin Sheet, Tin Ingot, Pure Tin, 7440-31-5

TIN ANODE (PURE TIN)

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

    Tin Anode (Sn)
    
    Metallic Lattice Structure
    
         Sn  Sn  Sn  Sn
           \  |  /  |
            Sn Sn Sn Sn
           /  |  \  |
         Sn  Sn  Sn  Sn
    
    Tetragonal Crystal Structure (White Tin)
    Anode in Electrochemical Cell (Oxidation Occurs)

Molecular Formula: Sn (Elemental)
Crystal Structure: Tetragonal (White Tin β-Sn)
Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
Oxidation States: +2, +4 (primary)
Allotropic Forms: White Tin (β-Sn) – stable above 13.2°C; Gray Tin (α-Sn) – stable below 13.2°C

SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY

SECTION 4: COMPARISON OF TIN AND RELATED METALS

SECTION 5: PRODUCTION METHODS

Method 1: Smelting and Refining (Most Common Method)

• Process: Tin ore (Cassiterite - SnO₂) → Roasting → Smelting → Refining → Pure Tin

• Description: Cassiterite ore is roasted to remove impurities; Smelted with carbon to produce crude tin; Refined by electrolysis or thermal refining; Most common industrial production method

Method 2: Electrolytic Refining

• Process: Crude tin → Electrolysis → Pure tin

• Reaction: Sn²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Sn (deposition at cathode)

• Description: Crude tin is used as anode; Pure tin is deposited on cathode through electrolysis; Produces high-purity tin (99.9%+)

Method 3: Casting and Forming

• Process: Pure tin → Melting → Casting → Forming → Tin anode

• Description: Pure tin is melted and cast into anode shapes (blocks, sheets, rods); Custom shapes available

Method 4: Vacuum Distillation

• Process: Crude tin → Vacuum distillation → Pure tin

• Description: Tin is distilled under vacuum to remove volatile impurities; Produces high-purity tin

SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MECHANISM OF ACTION

SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS

SECTION 8: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (PURE TIN ANODE)

SECTION 9: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

SECTION 10: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING

GHS Classification (Compliant with CLP and UN GHS):

Note: Tin metal is generally considered non-hazardous. However, fine dust may cause mechanical irritation.

Signal Word: No signal word required (non-hazardous) or WARNING (optional)

Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (optional)

Hazard Statements (H-Codes) - if classified:

NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:

SECTION 11: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

SECTION 12: FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 13: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

SECTION 14: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

SECTION 15: PACKAGING OPTIONS

SECTION 16: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 17: REGULATORY STATUS

SECTION 18: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

SECTION 19: SUMMARY TABLE

SECTION 20: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• Non-hazardous material but fine dust may cause mechanical irritation to respiratory tract.

• Non-combustible. Does not burn. Stable at high temperatures.

• Allotropic transformation (Tin Pest): Below 13.2°C, white tin transforms to gray tin, causing embrittlement.

• Soft and ductile. Handle with care to prevent deformation.

• Low melting point (231.93°C). Avoid exposure to temperatures near melting point.

• Incompatibilities: Keep away from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and concentrated alkalis.

• Food-safe. Approved for food contact applications.

• Non-magnetic. Suitable for applications requiring non-magnetic materials.

• Hygiene Requirement: Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Electroplating (Tin Anode): Use as soluble anode in tin plating baths; Provides tin ions for deposition; Maintains bath concentration; Ensures uniform coating thickness; Use appropriate current density; Monitor anode consumption.

• Electronics (Solder): Use for soldering electronic components and PCBs; Low melting point provides easy processing; Good wetting and bonding; High electrical conductivity.

• Corrosion Protection: Use as sacrificial anode for metal structure protection; Protects pipelines, ship hulls, and marine structures; Provides cathodic protection.

• Food Packaging (Tinplate): Use as coating for food cans and containers; Non-toxic and food-safe; Provides excellent corrosion resistance; Forms protective oxide layer.

• Alloy Production: Use in bronze production (copper-tin alloy); Pewter; Babbitt metal for bearings; Solder alloys.

• Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas; Avoid dust generation; Wear protective gloves and safety goggles when handling powder.

• Personal Protective Equipment: Safety goggles, protective clothing, protective gloves (nitrile, neoprene), NIOSH-approved dust mask (if dust).

• Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using.

• Storage: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area; Protect from moisture; Keep away from acids and oxidizing agents.

• Spill Response: Avoid dust generation; Vacuum or sweep; Place in closed containers; Do not allow to enter drains or waterways.

• Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Tin is recyclable; Recycle where possible.

SPECIAL NOTE ON TIN ANODE IN ELECTROPLATING:

Tin anodes are essential in tin electroplating:

• Anodic Reaction: Sn → Sn²⁺ + 2e⁻ (dissolution)

• Cathodic Reaction: Sn²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Sn (deposition)

• Bath Composition: Tin sulfate, tin chloride, additives

• Operating Conditions: pH 1-3, Temperature 20-40°C, Current density 1-5 A/dm²

• Applications: Food containers (tinplate), electronic components, decorative finishes

SPECIAL NOTE ON TIN PEST:

Tin pest is a transformation of white tin to gray tin:

• Transition Temperature: 13.2°C (56°F)

• Effect: White tin (β-Sn) → Gray tin (α-Sn)

• Consequences: Loss of metallic properties; Embrittlement; Powdering; Structural failure

• Prevention: Alloying with antimony or bismuth; Store above 13.2°C

• Note: Alloying typically prevents transformation

SPECIAL NOTE ON SACRIFICIAL ANODE APPLICATIONS:

Tin is used as a sacrificial anode in certain applications:

• Mechanism: Tin is less noble than many metals; Corrodes preferentially; Protects the cathode (metal structure)

• Applications: Marine structures; Pipelines; Ship hulls; Tanks

• Advantages: Non-toxic; Environmentally friendly; Good corrosion protection

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:

The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, this document does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing suitability for their own applications. For complete safety, storage, handling, transportation, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.