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Aluminum Chlorohydrate, Aluminum Chlorohydroxide, Aluminum Hydroxychloride, Locron P,  Locron L , 12042-91-0

Aluminum Chlorohydrate, Aluminum Chlorohydroxide, Aluminum Hydroxychloride, Locron P,  Locron L , 12042-91-0

LOCRON® L (LIQUID) AND LOCRON® P (POWDER) (ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDRATE / ACH)

1. Chemical Identity and Material Classification

  • Chemical Name: Aluminum Chlorohydrate, Aluminum Hydroxychloride, Basic Aluminum Chloride

  • Synonyms: ACH, Aluminum Hydroxychloride, Aluminum Chloride Hydroxide, Dialuminium Chloride Pentahydroxide, Chlorhydrol

  • CAS Number: 12042-91-0

  • Molecular Formula: Al₂Cl(OH)₅ (general formula; also expressed as [Al₂(OH)ₙCl₍₆₋ₙ₎]ₘ due to polymeric structure)

  • Molecular Weight: 174.45 g/mol (monomer basis)

  • EC Number (EINECS): 234-933-1 (powder); 215-477-2 (related to solution)

  • Brand Name: Locron® L (Liquid), Locron® P (Powder) – Archroma / Clariant

2. Physical Properties (Comparative)

Property Locron® L (Liquid) Locron® P (Powder)
Appearance Colorless to slightly hazy liquid White to off-white free-flowing powder
Odor Slight characteristic odor Odorless
Physical state Liquid (aqueous solution) Solid (micronized powder)
Density (20°C) ~1.33 g/cm³ ~2.0–2.2 g/cm³ (true); ~0.8–1.0 g/cm³ (bulk)
Particle size Not applicable (solution) ≥ 99.5%: max. 40 µm; ~85% < 5 µm
pH (15% aqueous solution, 20°C) 4.0–4.4 approx. 4.2
pH (as supplied) 3.5–4.5 Not applicable (powder)
Viscosity (20°C) Low (5–20 cP) Not applicable
Water solubility Fully miscible High (max. ~60% w/w)
Alcohol solubility Soluble in lower alcohols Limited
Active Al₂O₃ equivalent 23–24% w/w 45–47% w/w
Aluminum content (as Al) 12–13% w/w 23–24% w/w
Chloride content (as Cl) 12–13% w/w ~22–23% w/w
OH/Al molar ratio ~1.7 (basicity 80–85%) ~1.7 (basicity 80–85%)

3. Aluminum Speciation and Polymeric Structure

Parameter Value / Description
Monomeric Al (Alₐ) Small fraction (<5%)
Polymeric Al (Al₁₃ – Keggin ion) Significant fraction (40–60%)
High polymers (Al_c) Balance (35–55%)
Approximate formula Al₂(OH)₅Cl·2H₂O
Basicity 80–85%

4. Antiperspirant Mechanism of Action (Identical for Both Forms)

Step Description
1 Locron (solution or dissolved powder) is applied to the underarm (axilla)
2 The acidic solution partially dissolves into sweat (pH ~5–6)
3 At the pH of sweat, aluminum species hydrolyze
4 Forms a gelatinous precipitate of aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)₃]
5 The precipitate physically blocks the eccrine sweat ducts
6 Sweat secretion is temporarily reduced (not permanent)
7 The plug dissolves naturally over time (24–72 hours)

Efficacy Parameters:

  • Sweat reduction: 40–60% (non-prescription); 70–95% (prescription strength)

  • Onset of action: 1–2 hours after application

  • Duration of effect: 24–72 hours

5. Quality Specifications (Cosmetic Grade)

Parameter Locron® L (Liquid) Locron® P (Powder)
Appearance Clear to slightly hazy liquid White to off-white powder
Aluminum content (Al, w/w) 12.2–12.8% 23.0–24.5%
Chloride content (Cl, w/w) 12.2–12.8% ~22–23%
Al:Cl molar ratio 1:0.95–1.05 1:0.95–1.05
OH/Al ratio 1.5–2.0 1.5–2.0
Density (20°C) 1.32–1.35 g/cm³ ~0.8–1.0 g/cm³ (bulk)
pH (15% solution) 4.0–4.4 approx. 4.2
Loss on drying (105°C) ≤ 0.5% ≤ 5.0%
Particle size (max) Not applicable ≤ 40 µm (≥ 99.5%); ~85% < 5 µm
Iron (Fe) ≤ 50 ppm ≤ 50 ppm
Heavy metals (as Pb) ≤ 20 ppm ≤ 20 ppm
Arsenic (As) ≤ 3 ppm ≤ 3 ppm

6. Cosmetic Applications – Antiperspirants and Deodorants

6.1 Product Formulations (Both Forms)

Product Type Locron® L Concentration Locron® P Concentration
Roll-on 15–30% active (3–6% Al) 10–20% active (2.5–5% Al)
Pump spray 10–20% active (2–4% Al) 5–15% active (1.2–3.7% Al)
Aerosol spray Generally not used 5–15% active (1.2–3.7% Al)
Cream/Lotion 20–25% active (4–5% Al) 15–20% active (3.7–5% Al)
Gel 15–25% active (3–5% Al) 10–20% active (2.5–5% Al)
Stick 20–30% active (4–6% Al) 15–25% active (3.7–6% Al)
Powder (dry) Not applicable 10–30% active (2.5–7.5% Al)

6.2 Formulation Guidelines

Parameter Recommendation
Locron L usage Ideal for aqueous and hydroalcoholic systems; ready-to-use solution – add directly
Locron P usage Ideal for anhydrous systems (sticks, powders, aerosols) and aqueous systems; must be dissolved in water first
Solubility (Locron P) Slow in cold water; faster in warm water (max 40°C) – up to ~60% w/w
pH adjustment Maintain pH 3.5–4.5 for stability; avoid pH >5 (precipitation)
Compatibility Compatible with most surfactants, thickeners, preservatives
Incompatibilities Avoid high pH (>5), strong bases, strong oxidizing agents

7. Significance of Micronized Particle Size (Locron P)

Locron P is specifically designed for spray and aerosol antiperspirants:

Parameter Value Significance
Particle size (max) ≥ 99.5% < 40 µm Small enough to pass through aerosol valves
Fine fraction ~85% < 5 µm Respirable particles – remain on skin, do not reach lungs
Morphology Irregular, plate-like Good distribution on skin surface
Powder flow Good Suitable for manufacturing and filling

8. Industrial Applications – Water Treatment (Coagulant)

Parameter Locron® L Locron® P
Function Coagulant for removal of suspended solids, organic matter, phosphorus  
Typical dosage 10–100 mg/L 5–50 mg/L (more concentrated)
Optimum pH range 6.0–8.0 6.0–8.0
Turbidity removal 85–99% 85–99%
Phosphorus removal 80–95% 80–95%
COD reduction 40–70% 40–70%

9. Comparison with Other Coagulants

Property Locron (ACH) PAC Alum (Al₂(SO₄)₃) FeCl₃
Basicity 80–85% 40–90% 0% 0%
Al content (as Al₂O₃) 23–24% (L); 45–47% (P) 10–30% 8–9% N/A
pH drop upon addition Very low Low High Moderate
Sludge volume Very low Low High Medium

10. Other Industrial Applications

Application Description
Paper making Sizing agent, retention aid
Textile Mordant, water repellent treatment
Ceramics Binder for refractory materials
Swimming pools Algae control, water clarification (1–5 mg/L)
Catalysts Precursor for aluminum-containing catalysts

11. Safety and Toxicology

11.1 Acute Toxicity

Parameter Value
Oral LD₅₀ (rat) >5,000 mg/kg (low toxicity)
Skin irritation Mild to moderate irritant
Eye irritation Moderate to severe irritant (acidic)
Skin sensitization Generally non-sensitizer
Inhalation (dust – Locron P) Dust may cause respiratory tract irritation
Inhalation (mist – Locron L) Mist may cause respiratory tract irritation

11.2 Special Concerns – Aluminum Safety

  • Aluminum exposure has NOT been proven to cause Alzheimer's disease

  • NO conclusive evidence linking antiperspirant use to breast cancer

  • FDA classification: GRASE (Generally Recognized as Safe and Effective) for OTC antiperspirants (2019 proposed rule)

  • EU Cosmetic Regulation: Permitted (Annex III, entry 11)

  • Maximum authorized concentration: 20% as aluminum chlorohydrate (in aqueous solution, corresponding to 5.45% Al)

11.3 Regulatory Status (Antiperspirants)

Region Regulation
USA FDA monograph for OTC antiperspirants (proposed rule 2019 – GRASE)
EU Permitted under Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 – Annex III, entry 11
Canada Permitted as antiperspirant active ingredient

12. Safety Precautions and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  • Hazards: Causes eye and skin irritation. Dust (Locron P) or mist (Locron L) may cause respiratory irritation.

  • PPE (recommended): Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), safety goggles (EN 166) or face shield, dust mask (FFP2/N95 for Locron P), protective clothing

  • Engineering controls: Local exhaust ventilation (LEV), eyewash stations and safety showers

13. Storage and Shelf Life

Parameter Locron® L (Liquid) Locron® P (Powder)
Storage temperature 5–40°C 5–30°C
Freeze sensitivity High (freezing → precipitation) None
Hygroscopicity Low (moderate) High (absorbs moisture, cakes)
Shelf life (sealed container) 12–24 months 24–36 months
Shelf life (opened container) 6 months 12 months (if kept dry)

14. Transport Information

Regulation Locron® L (Liquid) Locron® P (Powder)
UN Number 1760 Not regulated
ADR/RID Class 8 (Corrosive), PG III Not dangerous goods
IMDG Class 8, PG III Not regulated
IATA Class 8, PG III Not regulated

15. Synonyms and Common Names

  • English: Aluminum chlorohydrate, Aluminum hydroxychloride, ACH, Aluminum chloride hydroxide, Basic aluminum chloride, Dialuminium chloride pentahydroxide, Chlorhydrol

  • Turkish: Alüminyum klorohidrat, Alüminyum hidroksiklorür, ACH

16. Standards Compliance

Standard Compliance
Cosmetic Regulation (EU) 1223/2009 Permitted (Annex III, entry 11)
FDA OTC Antiperspirant Monograph GRASE (proposed rule 2019)
REACH (EC 1907/2006) Registered
NSF/ANSI 60 Certified for certain grades (drinking water treatment)

17. Why Choose Locron®? (Technical Summary)

Advantage Description
High efficacy antiperspirant Proven sweat reduction (40–60% OTC)
Polymeric aluminum species Enhanced precipitation and plug formation compared to simple aluminum salts
High basicity (80–85%) Less acidic – milder on skin
Both forms available L (liquid): ready-to-use solution – easy handling; P (powder): more concentrated – lower transportation cost, suitable for anhydrous formulations
Micronized Locron P Optimized particle size for aerosol and spray applications
Low pH drop (water treatment) Does not depress pH as much as alum
Low sludge generation 30–50% less sludge than alum
Globally approved Permitted in EU, USA (GRASE), Canada, and many other markets

18. Limitations and Precautions

Limitation Locron® L (Liquid) Locron® P (Powder)
Corrosivity Yes (Class 8) Low (corrosive in solution)
Freeze sensitivity Yes – precipitation None
Hygroscopicity Low High – cakes
Dust control Not required Required
Dissolution time Not applicable (already in solution) 15–30 minutes (with mixing)

19. Advantages of Each Form

Feature Locron® L (Liquid) Locron® P (Powder)
Ease of use ++ (add directly) + (must dissolve first)
Formulation flexibility + (aqueous systems) ++ (aqueous and anhydrous systems)
Concentration Low (23–24% Al₂O₃) High (45–47% Al₂O₃)
Transportation cost Higher (water weight) Lower (concentrated)
Shelf life 12–24 months 24–36 months
Aerosol suitability Low High

20. Sectoral Suitability Summary Table

Sector Application Typical Concentration (L) Typical Concentration (P)
Cosmetics (Antiperspirant) Roll-on, spray, cream, stick 10–30% active 5–25% active
Water Treatment Coagulant 10–100 mg/L 5–50 mg/L
Swimming Pools Algae control 1–5 mg/L 0.5–2.5 mg/L
Paper Industry Sizing agent, retention aid 0.5–2% 0.3–1.5%
Textile Mordant, water repellent 1–5% 0.5–3%
Ceramics Binder for refractories 1–10% 0.5–5%

This TDS is prepared in compliance with ISO 11014-1 format and is intended for cosmetic formulators, water treatment engineers, product development chemists, and procurement professionals. Certificates of Analysis (CoA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and sample validation reports are available upon request.

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