Calcium Chloride, Calcium Chloride Dihydrate, E509, 10043-52-4, 10035-04-8

Calcium Chloride, Calcium Chloride Dihydrate, E509, 10043-52-4, 10035-04-8

CALCIUM CHLORIDE (E509)
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

Calcium Chloride

Cl⁻ — Ca²⁺ — Cl⁻

Molecular Formula: CaCl₂ (Anhydrous) / CaCl₂·2H₂O (Dihydrate)
SMILES: [Ca+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]
InChI: InChI=1S/Ca.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
InChIKey: UXVMQQNJUSVVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Structure: Ionic compound composed of calcium and chloride ions; Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture); Highly soluble in water; Dissolution is exothermic (releases heat).

SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DESCRIPTION

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

SECTION 3: CALCIUM CHLORIDE FORMS

SECTION 4: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY

SECTION 5: PRODUCTION METHODS

Method 1: Solvay Process (Ammonia-Soda Process)

Reaction: CaCO₃ + 2NaCl → CaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃

Description: Calcium chloride is obtained as a by-product of the Solvay process; Calcium chloride is released during sodium carbonate production. Most common industrial method.

Method 2: Reaction of Calcium Carbonate with Hydrochloric Acid

Reaction: CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂↑

Description: Calcium carbonate (limestone) is reacted with hydrochloric acid; Calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide are formed; Solution is evaporated and crystallized.

Method 3: Calcium Hydroxide Neutralization

Reaction: Ca(OH)₂ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + 2H₂O

Description: Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) is neutralized with hydrochloric acid; Calcium chloride solution is formed; Product is obtained by evaporation and crystallization.

Method 4: Natural Source Extraction

Process: Natural salt deposits → Dissolution → Purification → Crystallization

Description: Extracted from natural calcium chloride-containing salt deposits (e.g., Great Salt Lake); Less common.

SECTION 6: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MECHANISM OF ACTION

SECTION 7: MAIN APPLICATION AREAS

SECTION 8: SAMPLE FORMULATIONS

Cheese Production (Milk Coagulation - 100 L Milk):

Instructions: Dissolve calcium chloride in a small amount of cold water; Add with rennet to accelerate milk coagulation; Milk temperature should be 30-35°C.

Concrete Setting Accelerator (1 m³ Concrete):

Instructions: Add calcium chloride solution to concrete mixing water; Accelerates setting time in cold weather (below 5°C); Overdosing may cause reinforcement corrosion.

De-icing Solution (Winter Roads):

Instructions: Apply as granules or liquid to roads; Effective at low temperatures (down to -50°C); Can be used on asphalt and concrete surfaces.

SECTION 9: USAGE INSTRUCTIONS

General Dosing Guide:

Instructions:

1. Dissolution: When dissolving calcium chloride in water, remember it is exothermic (releases heat); Add large quantities slowly; Water temperature may rise.

2. Hygroscopic: Absorbs moisture from air; Keep container tightly closed.

3. Corrosion: May be corrosive to metals; Use corrosion-resistant equipment.

4. Dilution: Dilute to desired concentration with water before use.

SECTION 10: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION 11: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE

SECTION 12: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING

GHS Classification (in accordance with CLP and UN GHS):

Signal Word: DANGER

Hazard Pictograms: GHS05 (Corrosion), GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)

Hazard Statements (H-Codes):

NFPA 704 Hazard Classification:

SECTION 13: PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (P-CODES)

SECTION 14: FIRST AID MEASURES

SECTION 15: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

SECTION 16: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE

SECTION 17: PACKAGING OPTIONS

SECTION 18: TRANSPORT INFORMATION

SECTION 19: REGULATORY STATUS

SECTION 20: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS

SECTION 21: SUMMARY TABLE

SECTION 22: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES

CRITICAL WARNINGS:

• Causes serious eye damage (H318). Wear eye protection. In case of eye contact, rinse with plenty of water and seek immediate medical attention.

• Causes skin irritation (H315). Avoid skin contact. Wear protective gloves.

• May cause respiratory irritation (H335). Avoid inhalation of dust. Use in well-ventilated areas.

• Exothermic dissolution in water – releases significant heat. Add slowly to water.

• Very hygroscopic – rapidly absorbs moisture from air. Store in tightly closed, moisture-proof containers.

• Corrosive to metals – attacks metals in presence of moisture. Use corrosion-resistant equipment.

• Non-combustible. Stable under normal conditions.

• Food additive E509 – approved for food use; GRAS status.

• High doses – may cause gastrointestinal irritation.

• Dry skin – repeated contact may cause dry skin and irritation.

BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:

Food Industry (E509 - Cheese Production): Use as coagulant; Dosage 2-10 g / 100 L milk; Dissolve in cold water (exothermic); Milk temperature 30-35°C; Add with rennet; Improves cheese yield and quality.

De-icing (Winter Roads): Use as freezing point depressant; Granule or liquid form; Effective down to -50°C; More effective than traditional salt; Application rate 20-50 g/m²; Consider environmental impacts.

Construction (Concrete Accelerator): Use as setting accelerator; Dosage 1-2% (of cement weight); Cold weather concreting (below 5°C); Early strength development; Do not exceed dosage (max 2%) to prevent reinforcement corrosion.

Water Treatment: Use as coagulant and precipitant; Dosage 10-100 mg/L; Suspended solids removal; Phosphate removal; Effective at pH 7-8.

Drying / Dehydration: Use as desiccant; Gas and liquid drying; Laboratory applications; Use in drying towers or tubes; Replace or regenerate regularly.

Cooling Systems (Antifreeze): Use as antifreeze; 20-40% solution; Industrial cooling systems; Prevents freezing of cooling fluids; Use with corrosion inhibitors.

Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas; Avoid dust formation; Use dust masks (N95/FFP2) when handling powder; Use gloves and safety goggles.

Personal Protective Equipment: Dust mask (N95/FFP2 or higher), safety goggles (chemical splash), chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), protective clothing.

Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using.

Storage: Store in tightly closed, moisture-proof containers; Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; Protect from moisture, acids, and oxidizing agents; Opened containers must be resealed immediately; Avoid metal containers (corrosion); Shelf life: 24-36 months under proper conditions.

Spill Management: Sweep or vacuum (HEPA) and place in suitable sealed container; Avoid dust formation; Do not allow entry into drains or waterways.

Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; Non-hazardous waste; Neutralize if required.

CALCIUM CHLORIDE vs SODIUM CHLORIDE (SALT) COMPARISON:

FOOD ADDITIVE E509 - SPECIAL NOTE:

Calcium chloride (E509) is an approved food additive:

• Approved Uses: Thickener, coagulant, stabilizer, humectant.

• Food Products: Cheese production, tofu (soy milk coagulation), ice cream, canned vegetables, pickles, beer (carbonation), fruit juices.

• Safety: EFSA approved; FDA GRAS; WHO JECFA approved (ADI: Not specified).

• Maximum Usage: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) – no specific limit.

• Labeling: May be labeled as "Calcium chloride" or "E509".

LEGAL DISCLAIMER:
The information provided in this document is based on our current knowledge and experience and is presented in good faith. However, as all conditions of use are beyond our control, it does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are responsible for testing the suitability for their own applications. For complete safety, storage, use, handling, waste, and regulatory compliance information, please refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.