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Send EmailTetra Sodium Pyrophosphate, Tetrasodium Diphosphate, Sodium Pyrophosphate, Sodium Diphosphate, Tetra Sodium Diphosphate, E450iii, TSPP, 7722-88-5
TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (TSPP)
PRODUCT IDENTIFIER INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) |
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) | Tetrasodium Diphosphate |
| CAS Number | 7722-88-5 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 231-767-1 |
| Food Additive Code | E450(iii) |
| Molecular Formula | Na4P2O7 |
| Molecular Weight | 265.90 g/mol |
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DESCRIPTION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) | Tetrasodium Diphosphate |
| Systematic Name | Diphosphoric Acid, Tetrasodium Salt |
| Synonyms | Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Sodium Pyrophosphate, Sodium Diphosphate, Tetrasodium Diphosphate, TSPP, Anhydrous TSPP, Pyrophosphoric Acid Sodium Salt |
| Abbreviations | TSPP |
| CAS Number | 7722-88-5 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 231-767-1 |
| Food Additive Code | E450(iii) |
| INS Number | 450(iii) |
| Molecular Formula | Na4P2O7 |
| Molecular Weight | 265.90 g/mol |
| Chemical Class | Inorganic phosphate salt (pyrophosphate/diphosphate) |
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (white crystalline powder or granules) |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Taste | Slightly alkaline, characteristic |
SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or granules | Visual |
| Odor | Odorless | Olfactometric |
| Taste | Slightly alkaline, characteristic | Sensory |
| Molecular Weight | 265.90 g/mol | Calculated |
| Melting Point | 80°C (decahydrate loses crystal water); anhydrous form >900°C | DSC |
| Boiling Point | 93.8°C (decahydrate); anhydrous form decomposes | TGA |
| Density (25°C) | 2.53 g/cm3 | ASTM D4052 |
| pH (1% solution, 25°C) | 9.8 – 10.5 (alkaline) | pH Meter |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | Soluble (~70 g/L) | Gravimetric |
| Solubility in Water (100°C) | ~230 g/L (increases with temperature) | Gravimetric |
| Solubility in Ethyl Alcohol | Insoluble | General Method |
| Hygroscopicity | Low-Moderate | Visual |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions; incompatible with strong oxidizing agents | |
| Flash Point | Non-flammable | Not applicable |
SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Character | Alkaline phosphate salt; chelating agent; pH buffer |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions |
| Decomposition Products (Heating) | Above 900°C: Na2O, P2O5, phosphorus oxides |
| Incompatible Materials | Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, magnesium salts, calcium salts |
| Reaction with Acids | Hydrolyzes to orthophosphates; pyrophosphate bond breaks in acidic environment |
| Chelation | Binds Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+/Fe3+ ions; removes water hardness |
| Disproportionation | Slowly hydrolyzes to orthophosphate in aqueous solution |
| Hazardous Polymerization | Does not occur |
SECTION 4: PHOSPHATE TYPES COMPARISON
| Property | TSPP (E450iii) | STPP (E451i) | SHMP (E452i) | TCP (E341iii) | DSP (E339ii) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compound | Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate | Sodium Tripolyphosphate | Sodium Hexametaphosphate | Tricalcium Phosphate | Disodium Phosphate |
| Formula | Na4P2O7 | Na5P3O10 | (NaPO3)n | Ca3(PO4)2 | Na2HPO4 |
| P2O5 Content | ~53% | ~57% | ~68% | ~46% | ~50% |
| pH (1% solution) | 9.8-10.5 | 9.5-10.0 | 6.0-7.5 | 7.0-8.0 | 8.5-9.5 |
| Chelating Strength | High | Very High | Medium | Low | Low |
| Solubility | ~70 g/L | ~150 g/L | Very high | Insoluble | ~100 g/L |
| Primary Use | Toothpaste, detergent, food | Detergent, food | Water treatment, food | Food, feed | Food, buffer |
SECTION 5: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MECHANISM OF ACTION
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| pH Buffer | Stabilizes pH in acidic and alkaline environments; acidity regulator in foods |
| Chelation / Sequestration | Binds metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+/Fe3+); removes water hardness |
| Emulsifier | Stabilizes oil-water emulsions; provides homogeneous structure in processed foods |
| Tartar Control | Prevents tartar formation by binding calcium and magnesium ions in toothpaste |
| Dispersing Agent | Ensures homogeneous distribution of pigments and particles in liquid |
| Corrosion Inhibitor | Prevents corrosion by forming protective layer on metal surfaces |
| Dough Conditioner | Improves texture and structure in foods; increases water holding capacity |
| Anti-coagulant | Prevents coagulation in well drilling and oilfield applications |
| Bleaching Aid | Enhances bleaching efficiency in industrial cleaning |
SECTION 6: PRIMARY APPLICATION AREAS
| Sector / Application | Use | Typical Concentration / Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Toothpaste | Tartar control, emulsifier, buffer | 1 – 5% |
| Food - Processed Meat | Dough conditioner, water retention | 0.1 – 0.5% |
| Food - Soy Products | Dough conditioner, emulsifier | 0.1 – 0.5% |
| Food - Milk Powder (Coffee Creamer) | Together with disodium phosphate | 0.1 – 0.5% |
| Food - Cereal Products | pH buffer, texture improver | 0.1 – 0.3% |
| Food - Seafood (Shrimp/Prawns) | Washing and peeling (≤0.3 ppm residue) | 0.3 ppm maximum |
| Detergent - Industrial | Builder, chelator | 5 – 20% |
| Detergent - Laundry/Dishwashing | Water softener, dispersing agent | 5 – 15% |
| Water Treatment | Corrosion control, chelation | 1 – 10 mg/L |
| Metal Plating / Electroplating | Dispersing agent, rust stain removal | 10 – 50 g/L |
| Paint and Coatings | Pigment wetting and dispersion | 0.5 – 2.0% |
| Paper Processing | Dispersing agent | 0.5 – 2.0% |
| Oilfield | Clay stabilizer, anti-coagulant | Variable |
| Pesticide Production | Component with trisodium phosphate | Formulation dependent |
SECTION 7: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (FOOD GRADE - E450iii)
| Parameter | Specification | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or granules | Visual |
| Odor | Odorless | Olfactometric |
| Purity (Na4P2O7, Dry Basis) | ≥ 95.0% | Titrimetric / Ion Chromatography |
| P2O5 Content | 52.0 – 54.0% | Gravimetric (Phosphomolybdate) |
| Loss on Drying (105°C, 2 hours) | ≤ 1.0% | Gravimetric |
| pH (1% solution, 25°C) | 9.8 – 10.5 | pH Meter |
| Water Insoluble Matter | ≤ 0.2% | Gravimetric |
| Fluoride (F-) | ≤ 10 ppm | Ion Selective Electrode |
| Chloride (Cl-) | ≤ 0.05% | Argentometric |
| Sulfate (SO4 2-) | ≤ 0.05% | Turbidimetric |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 3 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 50 ppm | AAS / Colorimetric |
| Calcium (Ca) | ≤ 0.05% | AAS |
| Total Microbial Count | ≤ 1,000 CFU/g | ISO 4833 |
| Yeast and Mold | ≤ 100 CFU/g | ISO 21527 |
| E. coli | Negative in 10g | ISO 16649 |
| Salmonella spp. | Negative in 25g | ISO 6579 |
SECTION 8: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Rat) | ~4,000 mg/kg (low toxicity) |
| Acute Dermal Toxicity (LD50, Rabbit) | > 2,000 mg/kg |
| Skin Irritation | Mild irritant (alkaline pH) |
| Eye Irritation | Irritant |
| Respiratory Irritation | Inhalation of dust may cause mechanical irritation |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified |
| Mutagenicity | Negative in in vitro tests |
| Reproductive Toxicity | No known adverse effects |
| Chronic Toxicity | Gastrointestinal discomfort at high doses |
| ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) | 0-70 mg/kg body weight/day (as total phosphate, JECFA) |
| Human Body Fluid | Normal component (endogenous pyrophosphate) |
SECTION 9: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING
GHS Classification (compliant with 1272/2008/EC):
| Hazard Class | Category | H-Statement |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Irritation | Category 2 | H315 |
| Serious Eye Damage/Irritation | Category 2 | H319 |
| Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT - SE) | Category 3 | H335 |
Signal Word: WARNING
Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)
Hazard Statements (H-Codes):
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| H315 | Causes skin irritation |
| H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
| H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
Precautionary Statements (P-Codes):
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P261 | Avoid breathing dust |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/eye protection |
| P302+P352 | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water and soap |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes |
SECTION 10: FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action to Take |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation persists. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of water and soap for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present. Seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth with water. Drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell. |
SECTION 11: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Fire Hazard | Non-flammable |
| Hazards During Fire | Above 900°C: Na2O, P2O5, phosphorus oxides |
| Suitable Extinguishing Media | Any extinguishing media appropriate for surrounding fire |
| Special Protective Equipment | Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
SECTION 12: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool (15-25°C), dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, moisture-proof containers |
| Keep Away From | Moisture, strong oxidizing agents, strong acids |
| Shelf Life | 24 months (unopened original packaging under appropriate storage conditions) |
| Stability Note | Stable under normal conditions; may cake in humid environment |
SECTION 13: PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| Kraft bag with PE inner liner | 25 kg | Kraft paper + PE |
| PP woven bag with PE inner liner | 25 kg | PP woven + PE |
| Big-Bag | 500-1000 kg | Polypropylene (with PE inner liner) |
| Plastic pail | 25 kg | HDPE |
SECTION 14: TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | Not regulated (not hazardous) |
| Hazard Class | Not applicable |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| ADR/RID | Not regulated |
| IMDG Code | Not regulated |
| IATA (Air) | Not regulated |
| Marine Pollutant | No |
| Transport Temperature | Ambient; protect from moisture |
SECTION 15: REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union | Food additive E450(iii); approved for use quantum satis |
| USA (FDA) | GRAS; approved as food additive and toothpaste component |
| JECFA (FAO/WHO) | ADI: 0-70 mg/kg body weight/day (total phosphate) |
| Turkey | Approved under Turkish Food Codex Regulation on Food Additives |
| Halal / Kosher | Available |
| Vegetarian/Vegan | Suitable (inorganic source) |
SECTION 16: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type | Name |
|---|---|
| Common Names | Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Sodium Pyrophosphate, Sodium Diphosphate, TSPP |
| Chemical Names | Diphosphoric Acid, Tetrasodium Salt; Pyrophosphoric Acid, Sodium Salt |
| Food Additive Code | E450(iii), INS 450(iii) |
| CAS Number | 7722-88-5 |
| EC Number | 231-767-1 |
SECTION 17: SUMMARY TABLE
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) |
| CAS Number | 7722-88-5 |
| Food Additive Code | E450(iii) |
| Molecular Formula | Na4P2O7 |
| Molecular Weight | 265.90 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or granules |
| pH (1% solution) | 9.8 – 10.5 |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | ~70 g/L |
| Primary Function | pH buffer, chelating agent, emulsifier, tartar control |
| Shelf Life | 24 months |
| GHS Signal Word | Warning |
SECTION 18: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES
CRITICAL WARNINGS:
-
Alkaline pH: 1% solution pH 9.8-10.5; may cause skin and eye irritation. Use protective equipment.
-
Incompatibility with Calcium: Forms chelates with calcium and magnesium ions; efficacy may decrease in hard water.
-
Acidic Hydrolysis: Pyrophosphate bond breaks in acidic environment (pH <4) converting to orthophosphate; use caution in acidic formulations.
-
Moisture: May cake in humid environment; store in tightly closed containers.
BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:
-
Solution Preparation: Water solubility is moderate (~70 g/L); use warm water to increase solubility.
-
Toothpaste Formulation: Use at 1-5% for tartar control; perform compatibility testing in calcium carbonate-containing formulations.
-
Food Applications: Check legal limits in processed meat and seafood; maximum 0.3 ppm residue for prawns.
-
Detergent Formulation: Use at 5-20% to benefit from chelating and dispersing properties.
-
Storage: Store in dry environment in tightly closed containers; keep away from strong oxidizing agents.
LEGAL DISCLAIMER:
The information provided in this document is presented in good faith based on our current knowledge and experience; however, since all usage conditions are beyond our control, it does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are obligated to test the suitability for their own applications. For complete safety, storage, handling, transportation, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.
