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Send EmailSodium Triphosphate, Pentasodium Triphosphate, Sodium Tripoly Phosphate, Penta Sodium Triphosphate, E451i, STPP, 7758-29-4
SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE (STPP)
PRODUCT IDENTIFIER INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) |
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) | Pentasodium Triphosphate |
| CAS Number | 7758-29-4 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 231-838-7 |
| Food Additive Code | E451(i) |
| Molecular Formula | Na5P3O10 |
| Molecular Weight | 367.86 g/mol |
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DESCRIPTION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) | Pentasodium Triphosphate |
| Systematic Name | Triphosphoric Acid, Pentasodium Salt |
| Synonyms | Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Sodium Triphosphate, Pentasodium Triphosphate, STPP, Sodium Tripoly Phosphate, Penta Sodium Triphosphate, Triphosphate, Anhydrous STPP |
| Abbreviations | STPP, STP |
| CAS Number | 7758-29-4 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 231-838-7 |
| Food Additive Code | E451(i) |
| INS Number | 451(i) |
| Molecular Formula | Na5P3O10 |
| Molecular Weight | 367.86 g/mol |
| Chemical Class | Inorganic polyphosphate salt (tripolyphosphate) |
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (white crystalline granules or powder) |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Taste | Slightly alkaline, characteristic |
SECTION 2: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline granules or powder | Visual |
| Odor | Odorless | Olfactometric |
| Taste | Slightly alkaline, characteristic | Sensory |
| Molecular Weight | 367.86 g/mol | Calculated |
| Melting Point | 622°C | DSC |
| Density (20°C) | 2.52 g/cm3 | ASTM D4052 |
| pH (1% solution, 25°C) | 9.5 – 10.0 (alkaline) | pH Meter |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | Freely soluble (~150 g/L) | Gravimetric |
| Solubility in Water (Hot) | Very high (increases with temperature and pH) | Gravimetric |
| Hygroscopicity | Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture) | Visual |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions; incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids | |
| Flash Point | Non-flammable | Not applicable |
SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Character | Alkaline polyphosphate salt; strong chelating agent; pH buffer |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions |
| Decomposition Products (Heating) | Above 622°C: Na2O, P2O5, phosphorus oxides |
| Incompatible Materials | Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids |
| Reaction with Acids | Hydrolyzes to orthophosphates and pyrophosphates |
| Chelation | Strongly binds Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, heavy metal ions |
| Disproportionation | Slowly hydrolyzes to orthophosphate and pyrophosphate in aqueous solution |
| Hazardous Polymerization | Does not occur |
SECTION 4: PHOSPHATE TYPES COMPARISON
| Property | STPP (E451i) | TSPP (E450iii) | SHMP (E452i) | TCP (E341iii) | DSP (E339ii) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compound | Sodium Tripolyphosphate | Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate | Sodium Hexametaphosphate | Tricalcium Phosphate | Disodium Phosphate |
| Formula | Na5P3O10 | Na4P2O7 | (NaPO3)n | Ca3(PO4)2 | Na2HPO4 |
| P2O5 Content | ~57% | ~53% | ~68% | ~46% | ~50% |
| pH (1% solution) | 9.5-10.0 | 9.8-10.5 | 6.0-7.5 | 7.0-8.0 | 8.5-9.5 |
| Chelating Strength | Very High | High | Medium | Low | Low |
| Solubility | ~150 g/L | ~70 g/L | Very high | Insoluble | ~100 g/L |
| Primary Use | Detergent, food, water treatment | Toothpaste, detergent, food | Water treatment, food | Food, feed | Food, buffer |
SECTION 5: FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MECHANISM OF ACTION
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Strong Chelation | Powerfully binds heavy metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+/Fe3+); removes water hardness |
| Detergent Builder | Enhances detergent efficacy by chelating metal ions in wash water; anti-caking agent |
| pH Buffer | Stabilizes pH around 9.4-9.5; provides alkaline buffer solution |
| Emulsifying Agent | Promotes emulsification of fats; facilitates soil separation |
| Dispersing Agent | Ensures homogeneous distribution of particles in liquid |
| Stabilizer | Increases formulation stability; controls moisture absorption |
| Water Softener | Binds calcium and magnesium ions in hard water |
| Texture Improver | Improves texture and structure in foods; increases water holding capacity |
SECTION 6: PRIMARY APPLICATION AREAS
| Sector / Application | Use | Typical Concentration / Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Detergent - Powder Detergent | Builder, chelator, anti-caking | 10 – 50% |
| Detergent - Dishwasher | Water softener, chelator | 10 – 40% |
| Detergent - Industrial Cleaning | Glass cleaning, with surfactant | 5 – 20% |
| Food - Meat Processing (Sausages, Ham) | Water retention, texture improver, curing agent | 0.1 – 0.5% |
| Food - Seafood | Marination, texture and flavor enhancement | 0.1 – 0.5% |
| Food - Confectionery | Providing soft water, chelating metal ions | 0.05 – 0.2% |
| Food - Ice Cream | Stabilizer, texture improver | 0.1 – 0.3% |
| Food - Instant Noodles | Texture improver, water retention | 0.1 – 0.3% |
| Water Treatment | Water softener, corrosion control | 1 – 10 mg/L |
| Textile | Dyeing aid, metal ion chelator | 1 – 5% |
| Paper | Anti-grease agent, bleaching (with H2O2) | 0.5 – 2.0% |
| Ceramics | Dispersing agent, chelator | 0.5 – 2.0% |
SECTION 7: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (FOOD GRADE - E451i)
| Parameter | Specification | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White crystalline granules or powder | Visual |
| Odor | Odorless | Olfactometric |
| Purity (Na5P3O10, Dry Basis) | ≥ 94.0% | Titrimetric / Ion Chromatography |
| P2O5 Content | 56.0 – 58.0% | Gravimetric (Phosphomolybdate) |
| Loss on Drying (105°C, 2 hours) | ≤ 1.0% | Gravimetric |
| pH (1% solution, 25°C) | 9.5 – 10.0 | pH Meter |
| Water Insoluble Matter | ≤ 0.1% | Gravimetric |
| Fluoride (F-) | ≤ 10 ppm | Ion Selective Electrode |
| Chloride (Cl-) | ≤ 0.05% | Argentometric |
| Sulfate (SO4 2-) | ≤ 0.05% | Turbidimetric |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 3 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤ 1 ppm | ICP-MS |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 50 ppm | AAS / Colorimetric |
| Total Microbial Count | ≤ 1,000 CFU/g | ISO 4833 |
| Yeast and Mold | ≤ 100 CFU/g | ISO 21527 |
| E. coli | Negative in 10g | ISO 16649 |
| Salmonella spp. | Negative in 25g | ISO 6579 |
SECTION 8: TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50, Rat) | ~3,200 mg/kg (low toxicity) |
| Acute Dermal Toxicity (LD50, Rabbit) | > 2,000 mg/kg |
| Skin Irritation | Mild irritant (alkaline pH) |
| Eye Irritation | Irritant |
| Respiratory Irritation | Inhalation of dust may cause mechanical irritation |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified |
| Mutagenicity | Negative in in vitro tests |
| Reproductive Toxicity | No known adverse effects |
| Chronic Toxicity | Gastrointestinal discomfort at high doses |
| ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) | 0-70 mg/kg body weight/day (as total phosphate, JECFA) |
SECTION 9: GHS CLASSIFICATION AND LABELING
GHS Classification (compliant with 1272/2008/EC):
| Hazard Class | Category | H-Statement |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Irritation | Category 2 | H315 |
| Serious Eye Damage/Irritation | Category 2 | H319 |
| Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT - SE) | Category 3 | H335 |
Signal Word: WARNING
Hazard Pictograms: GHS07 (Exclamation Mark)
Hazard Statements (H-Codes):
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| H315 | Causes skin irritation |
| H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
| H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
Precautionary Statements (P-Codes):
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P261 | Avoid breathing dust |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/eye protection |
| P302+P352 | IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water and soap |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes |
SECTION 10: FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action to Take |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation persists. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of water and soap for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present. Seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth with water. Drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell. |
SECTION 11: FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Fire Hazard | Non-flammable |
| Hazards During Fire | Above 622°C: Na2O, P2O5, phosphorus oxides |
| Suitable Extinguishing Media | Any extinguishing media appropriate for surrounding fire |
| Special Protective Equipment | Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
SECTION 12: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool (15-25°C), dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, moisture-proof containers (hygroscopic) |
| Keep Away From | Moisture, strong oxidizing agents, strong acids |
| Shelf Life | 24 months (unopened original packaging under appropriate storage conditions) |
| Stability Note | Hygroscopic; cakes in humid environment; store in tightly closed containers |
SECTION 13: PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| Kraft bag with PE inner liner | 25 kg | Kraft paper + PE |
| PP woven bag with PE inner liner | 25 kg | PP woven + PE |
| Big-Bag | 500-1000 kg | Polypropylene (with PE inner liner) |
| Plastic pail | 25 kg | HDPE |
SECTION 14: TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | Not regulated (not hazardous) |
| Hazard Class | Not applicable |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| ADR/RID | Not regulated |
| IMDG Code | Not regulated |
| IATA (Air) | Not regulated |
| Marine Pollutant | No |
| Transport Temperature | Ambient; protect from moisture |
SECTION 15: REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union | Food additive E451(i); approved for use quantum satis |
| USA (FDA) | GRAS; approved as food additive and detergent component |
| JECFA (FAO/WHO) | ADI: 0-70 mg/kg body weight/day (total phosphate) |
| Turkey | Approved under Turkish Food Codex Regulation on Food Additives |
| Halal / Kosher | Available |
| Vegetarian/Vegan | Suitable (inorganic source) |
SECTION 16: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type | Name |
|---|---|
| Common Names | Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Sodium Triphosphate, Pentasodium Triphosphate, STPP |
| Chemical Names | Triphosphoric Acid, Pentasodium Salt; Sodium Salt of Triphosphoric Acid |
| Food Additive Code | E451(i), INS 451(i) |
| CAS Number | 7758-29-4 |
| EC Number | 231-838-7 |
SECTION 17: SUMMARY TABLE
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) |
| CAS Number | 7758-29-4 |
| Food Additive Code | E451(i) |
| Molecular Formula | Na5P3O10 |
| Molecular Weight | 367.86 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline granules or powder |
| pH (1% solution) | 9.5 – 10.0 |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | ~150 g/L |
| Primary Function | Detergent builder, strong chelator, pH buffer, water softener |
| Shelf Life | 24 months |
| GHS Signal Word | Warning |
SECTION 18: CRITICAL WARNINGS AND BEST PRACTICES
CRITICAL WARNINGS:
-
Hygroscopic: Absorbs moisture and cakes; store in tightly closed, moisture-proof containers.
-
Alkaline pH: 1% solution pH 9.5-10.0; may cause skin and eye irritation. Use protective equipment.
-
Acidic Hydrolysis: Hydrolyzes to orthophosphates in acidic environment (pH <4); chelating efficacy decreases.
-
Strong Chelator: Binds metal ions; do not store in metal containers.
BEST PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS:
-
Detergent Formulation: Use at 10-50% as builder in powder detergents; pay attention to moisture control.
-
Food Applications: Use at 0.1-0.5% in meat and seafood to increase water holding capacity.
-
Water Softening: Use at 1-10 mg/L dosage to soften hard water.
-
Storage: Strictly protect from moisture; store in airtight containers after opening.
-
Solution Preparation: High water solubility (~150 g/L); use warm water to increase solubility.
LEGAL DISCLAIMER:
The information provided in this document is presented in good faith based on our current knowledge and experience; however, since all usage conditions are beyond our control, it does not constitute a binding specification or warranty. This Technical Data Sheet is for informational purposes only. Users are obligated to test the suitability for their own applications. For complete safety, storage, handling, transportation, disposal, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier.
