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Send EmailSodium Saccharin, Saccharin, Sodium Saccharin Dihydrate, Sodium Saccharinate, Crystallose, E954, 128-44-9, 6155-57-3
SACCHARIN – SAKKARİN
CAS Number: 128-44-9 (Sodium Saccharin), 6155-57-3 (Sodium Saccharin Dihydrate)
EC Number (EINECS): 204-886-1
Molecular Formula: C₇H₄NNaO₃S (Sodium Saccharin)
Molecular Weight: 205.16 g/mol (Sodium Saccharin)
E Number: E954
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name (IUPAC) | Sodium 1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-3-olate |
| Other Names | Saccharin, Sodium Saccharin, Sodium Saccharinate, Crystallose, Sodium O-benzosulfimide, O-Sulfobenzoic Acid Imide Sodium Salt, 1,1-Dioxide Sodium Salt |
| Chemical Formula (Sodium Saccharin) | C₇H₄NNaO₃S |
| Chemical Formula (Saccharin Acid) | C₇H₅NO₃S |
| Molecular Weight (Sodium Saccharin) | 205.16 g/mol |
| Molecular Weight (Saccharin Acid) | 183.18 g/mol |
| CAS Number (Sodium Saccharin) | 128-44-9 |
| CAS Number (Sodium Saccharin Dihydrate) | 6155-57-3 |
| CAS Number (Saccharin Acid) | 81-07-2 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 204-886-1 |
| E Number | E954 (Sweetener) |
| Chemical Class | Sulfonyl benzene (organic salt) |
| Appearance | White, crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Taste | Intensely sweet (~300-400 times sweeter than sucrose), slightly bitter/metallic aftertaste |
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (crystalline powder) |
| Discovery Year | 1879 |
| Commercial Use Started | ~1960 |
SECTION 2: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White, crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Molecular Weight (Sodium Saccharin) | 205.16 g/mol |
| Molecular Weight (Saccharin Acid) | 183.18 g/mol |
| Melting Point (Saccharin Acid) | 228 – 229 °C |
| Melting Point (Sodium Saccharin) | > 300 °C (decomposes) |
| Density (20°C) | 1.69 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in Water (20°C) | Soluble (10 g/100 mL) |
| Solubility in Water (Saccharin Acid) | Slightly soluble |
| Solubility in Ethanol | Slightly soluble |
| pH (1% solution) | 6.0 – 7.5 (neutral to slightly alkaline) |
| Sweetness (Sucrose = 100) | ~300-400 |
| Caloric Value | ~0 kcal/g |
| Shelf Life | Very long (stable) |
| Hygroscopicity | Low |
SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula (Sodium Saccharin) | C₇H₄NNaO₃S |
| Chemical Formula (Saccharin Acid) | C₇H₅NO₃S |
| Molecular Weight (Sodium Saccharin) | 205.16 g/mol |
| Molecular Weight (Saccharin Acid) | 183.18 g/mol |
| Chemical Class | Sulfonyl benzene (organic salt) |
| Structure | Benzenesulfonamide derivative |
| SMILES | [Na+].O=C1NS(=O)(=O)c2ccccc12 |
| InChI Key | VFDSVUSVXYPRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| Metabolism | Not metabolized in the human body; excreted unchanged in urine |
| Stability | Extremely stable; very long shelf life |
| Heat Stability | Heat stable; suitable for baking and cooking processes |
| Incompatible Materials | Strong oxidizing agents (not compatible) |
Chemical Structure:
O
||
C
/ \
/ \
C C
|| ||
C C
\ /
\ /
N-SO₂
|
Na⁺
(Sodium Saccharin)
SECTION 4: FORMS OF SACCHARIN
| Form | CAS Number | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Saccharin Acid | 81-07-2 | Acid form; not used as sweetener; poorly soluble |
| Sodium Saccharin | 128-44-9 | Most widely used form; water-soluble |
| Sodium Saccharin Dihydrate | 6155-57-3 | Crystalline form containing two water molecules |
| Calcium Saccharin | - | Less common form |
| Potassium Saccharin | - | Less common form |
SECTION 5: TASTE PERCEPTION AND PROPERTIES
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Sweetness | ~300-400 times sweeter than sucrose |
| Taste Profile | Intensely sweet; slightly bitter and metallic aftertaste |
| Aftertaste | Bitter/metallic aftertaste (often blended with aspartame to mask) |
| Synergy | Synergistic effect when combined with aspartame, cyclamate, or other sweeteners |
| Heat Stability | Heat stable; suitable for baking and cooking |
| pH Stability | Stable over a wide pH range |
| Shelf Life | Very long |
| Calories | ~0 kcal/g (not metabolized by the body) |
SECTION 6: FOOD INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS (E954)
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Diet Beverages | Low-calorie sweetener |
| Jams and Jellies | Sweetener |
| Chewing Gum | Sweetener |
| Sweet Sauces | Sweetener |
| Ice Cream | Sweetener |
| Sugar-Free Products | Sweetener |
| Diabetic Foods | Low-calorie sweetener |
| Tabletop Sweeteners | Powder or tablet form |
| Ready-to-Eat Desserts | Sweetener |
| Soft Drinks | Artificial sweetener |
| Bitter Taste Masking | Used to mask bitter taste in pharmaceuticals and foods |
SECTION 7: COSMETIC AND PERSONAL CARE APPLICATIONS
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Toothpastes | Artificial sweetener; freshness |
| Mouthwashes | Deodorizing agent; sweetener |
| Lip Glosses | Sweetener |
| Oral Care Products | Deodorizing agent |
SECTION 8: INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Electroplating (Galvanic Plating) | Brightening agent for gold and nickel plating; bath brightener |
| Herbicides and Pesticides | As auxiliary agent |
| Coating Industry | Galvanic bath brightener |
SECTION 9: COMPARISON WITH OTHER SWEETENERS
| Property | Saccharin (E954) | Aspartame (E951) | Sucralose (E955) | Acesulfame K (E950) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweetness (Sucrose=100) | ~300-400 | ~200 | ~600 | ~200 |
| Calories | ~0 kcal/g | ~4 kcal/g | 0 | 0 |
| Heat Stability | High (baking suitable) | Low (not for baking) | High | High |
| Aftertaste | Bitter/metallic | Slight bitter/metallic | None | Slight bitter |
| Metabolism | Not metabolized; excreted | Hydrolyzed to amino acids | Not metabolized | Not metabolized |
| PKU Restriction | No | Yes | No | No |
| Shelf Life | Very long | Medium | Long | Long |
SECTION 10: METABOLISM AND EXCRETION
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | Not metabolized in the human body |
| Absorption | Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract |
| Excretion | Excreted unchanged in urine |
| Accumulation | Does not accumulate; rapidly excreted |
| Calories | Not used by the body; 0 kcal/g |
SECTION 11: SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| General Safety | Considered safe by FDA, WHO, and EFSA |
| ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) | 0-5 mg/kg body weight/day (JECFA) |
| ADI (FDA) | 0-5 mg/kg body weight/day |
| ADI (EFSA) | 0-5 mg/kg body weight/day |
| Carcinogenicity (History) | 1970s cancer concerns; later studies did not support |
| IARC Classification | Not classified (Group 3) |
| FDA GRAS | Yes |
| JECFA | Approved |
| PKU Restriction | No (does not contain phenylalanine) |
| Pregnancy | Considered safe (within ADI) |
| Children | Considered safe (within ADI) |
SECTION 12: GHS CLASSIFICATION
| Hazard Class | Category |
|---|---|
| Not classified as hazardous | - |
Hazard Statements
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| None | Not classified as hazardous |
Precautionary Statements
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P261 | Avoid breathing dust |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/eye protection |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing |
SECTION 13: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Oral LD50 (Rat) | ~14,200 mg/kg |
| ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) | 0-5 mg/kg body weight/day (JECFA) |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified for humans |
| Mutagenicity | Negative in standard tests |
| Reproductive Toxicity | No evidence of adverse effects |
| FDA GRAS | Yes |
| Historical Debate | 1970s cancer concerns; subsequent studies showed safety |
SECTION 14: FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Move to fresh air. If respiratory irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of soap and water. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention. |
SECTION 15: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (FOOD GRADE)
| Parameter | Specification (FCC / USP / Ph. Eur.) |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White, crystalline powder |
| Identification | Positive (Saccharin tests) |
| Assay (on dried basis) | 99.0 – 101.0% |
| Loss on Drying | ≤ 1.0% |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤ 0.1% |
| pH (1% solution) | 6.0 – 7.5 |
| Chlorides (Cl) | ≤ 0.01% |
| Sulfates (SO₄) | ≤ 0.02% |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 2 ppm |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 3 ppm |
| Toluene Sulfonamide | ≤ 10 ppm |
| o-Toluene Sulfonamide | ≤ 10 ppm |
| p-Toluene Sulfonamide | ≤ 10 ppm |
| Ammonium Salts | ≤ 0.005% |
| Free Acid | ≤ 0.1% |
SECTION 16: MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Total Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria | ≤ 1,000 CFU/g |
| Yeast and Mold | ≤ 100 CFU/g |
| Salmonella spp. | Negative in 25g |
| Escherichia coli | Negative in 10g |
SECTION 17: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool (15-25°C), dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, original packaging |
| Protect From | Moisture, strong oxidizing agents |
| Shelf Life | 60 months or more (unopened original packaging) |
SECTION 18: PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| PE-lined kraft paper bag | 25 kg | Kraft paper + PE |
| Plastic pail | 20-25 kg | HDPE |
| Aluminum foil bag | 1-5 kg | Laminated aluminum |
| Fiber drum | 25-50 kg | HDPE + PE |
| Big-Bag | 500-1000 kg | Polypropylene |
SECTION 19: REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union | Approved as E954 |
| USA (FDA) | Approved (21 CFR 180.37) |
| Turkey | Approved (Turkish Food Codex) |
| JECFA (FAO/WHO) | Approved; ADI: 0-5 mg/kg bw/day |
| EFSA | Approved; ADI: 0-5 mg/kg bw/day |
| Codex Alimentarius | Approved (INS 954) |
| FCC | Monograph available |
| USP | Monograph available |
| Ph. Eur. | Monograph available |
SECTION 20: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | Not regulated (not dangerous goods) |
| Hazard Class | Not applicable |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| ADR/RID | Not regulated |
| IMDG Code | Not regulated |
| IATA (Air) | Not regulated |
| Marine Pollutant | No |
SECTION 21: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Fire Hazard | Non-combustible (organic salt) |
| Suitable Extinguishing Media | Water spray (mist), CO₂, dry chemical powder |
| Specific Hazards | When heated, emits sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, CO, CO₂ |
| Decomposition Products | SOx, NOx, CO, CO₂ |
| Protective Equipment | Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
SECTION 22: ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE AND CLEANUP
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Personal Protection | Nitrile gloves, protective goggles, dust mask (N95) |
| Cleaning Methods | Collect mechanically (sweep or spatula) |
| Environmental Precautions | Prevent entry into drains, soil, and surface waters |
| Waste Disposal | According to local regulations; landfilling at licensed facilities |
SECTION 23: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type | Name |
|---|---|
| Turkish Names | Sakkarin, Sodyum Sakkarin, Sakarin |
| English Names | Saccharin, Sodium Saccharin, Sodium Saccharinate, Crystallose |
| Chemical Names | Sodium O-benzosulfimide, O-Sulfobenzoic Acid Imide Sodium Salt, 1,1-Dioxide Sodium Salt |
| E Number | E954 |
| CAS (Sodium Saccharin) | 128-44-9 |
| CAS (Sodium Saccharin Dihydrate) | 6155-57-3 |
| CAS (Saccharin Acid) | 81-07-2 |
| INCI | Saccharin |
Trade Names (Partial List):
-
Sweet'N Low®
-
Sweet Twin®
-
Necta Sweet®
-
Hermesetas® (Europe)
-
Sweet and Low
-
Various generics
SECTION 24: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT SACCHARIN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is Saccharin Safe? | Yes, considered safe by FDA, JECFA, and EFSA. |
| Does Saccharin Cause Cancer? | 1970s concerns were not supported by later studies. Not classified by IARC. |
| Is Saccharin Suitable for Diabetics? | Yes, it is calorie-free and does not affect blood sugar. |
| Does Saccharin Help with Weight Loss? | As a calorie-free sweetener, it can support weight management. |
| Is Saccharin Suitable for Baking? | Yes, it is heat stable and can be used in cooking and baking. |
| Is Saccharin Different from Aspartame? | Yes, completely different chemical structure; safe for PKU patients. |
| How Does Saccharin Taste? | Intensely sweet, with a slight bitter/metallic aftertaste. |
SECTION 25: SUMMARY AND CRITICAL NOTES
Product Summary
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Saccharin (Sodium Saccharin) |
| CAS Number | 128-44-9 |
| E Number | E954 |
| Appearance | White, crystalline powder |
| Molecular Weight | 205.16 g/mol |
| Sweetness | 300-400 times sucrose |
| Calories | ~0 kcal/g |
| Primary Function | Low-calorie sweetener |
| ADI | 0-5 mg/kg body weight/day |
Critical Notes
-
Oldest Artificial Sweetener: Saccharin is the oldest artificial sweetener, discovered in 1879.
-
Intense Sweetness: 300-400 times sweeter than sucrose; used in very small amounts.
-
Heat Stability: Suitable for cooking and baking (unlike aspartame).
-
Aftertaste: Has a slightly bitter and metallic aftertaste; often blended with aspartame.
-
Not Metabolized: Not metabolized by the human body; excreted unchanged in urine; 0 kcal/g.
-
Historical Debate: 1970s cancer concerns; subsequent studies have shown safety.
-
Safety: Considered safe by FDA, JECFA, and EFSA; ADI 0-5 mg/kg body weight/day.
-
PKU Safe: Does not contain phenylalanine; safe for phenylketonuria (PKU) patients.
-
Wide Applications: Used in food, beverages, cosmetics, and industrial applications (electroplating).
-
Regulatory Status: Approved in EU (E954), FDA, JECFA, and Turkish Food Codex.
IMPORTANT DECLARATION: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is responsible for determining the product's suitability for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, transport, waste, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. This document does not replace medical advice.
