We unleash your business potential by maximize the business innovation.
Send EmailPectin, Starch Pectin, Apple Pectin, Citrus Pectin, Methyl Polysaccharide, E440, E440a, 9000-69-5
PECTIN – PEKTİN
CAS Number: 9000-69-5
EC Number (EINECS): 232-553-0
Chemical Structure: High ester polysaccharide (galacturonic acid chains)
Molecular Formula: Variable (polysaccharide)
E Number: E440 / E440a
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND DEFINITION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Pectin |
| Other Names | Polysaccharide, Galacturonan, Methyl Polygalacturonate, High Ester Polysaccharide, Apple Pectin, Citrus Pectin |
| Chemical Class | Polysaccharide (hydrocolloid) |
| CAS Number | 9000-69-5 |
| EC Number (EINECS) | 232-553-0 |
| E Number | E440 / E440a (Thickener, gelling agent, stabilizer) |
| Source | Apple peel, citrus peel (lemon, orange) |
| Appearance | Light yellow to pale brown, odorless, free-flowing powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Physical State (20°C) | Solid (powder) |
| HS Code | 1302.20 |
SECTION 2: TYPES OF PECTIN
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| High Methoxyl Pectin (HM Pectin) | Methylation ratio >50%; gels with high sugar and low pH |
| Low Methoxyl Pectin (LM Pectin) | Methylation ratio <50%; gels with calcium ions |
| Amidated Pectin | Amidated LM pectin; lower calcium requirement |
| Apple Pectin | Extracted from apple peel |
| Citrus Pectin | Extracted from orange, lemon peel |
SECTION 3: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Light yellow to pale brown, odorless, free-flowing powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Melting Point | 175 – 180 °C (decomposes) |
| Solubility in Cold Water | Low (disperses) |
| Solubility in Hot Water | Soluble |
| pH (gel medium) | 3.2 – 4.0 (typical) |
| Methylation Ratio (HM) | >50% |
| Methylation Ratio (LM) | <50% |
| Moisture Content | <12% |
| Ash Content | <10% |
| Particle Size | 80 – 120 mesh |
| Gelling Conditions (HM) | High sugar (>55%) + low pH (<3.5) |
| Gelling Conditions (LM) | Presence of calcium ions |
| Storage Temperature | 2 – 8 °C (recommended) |
SECTION 4: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
| Property | Information |
|---|---|
| Chemical Structure | α-(1→4)-D-galacturonic acid chains |
| Functional Groups | Carboxyl (-COOH), hydroxyl (-OH), methyl ester (-COOCH₃) |
| Polymeric Structure | High molecular weight polyuronide |
| Structural Source | Plant cell walls and intercellular tissues |
| Gel Formation | Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions |
| Stability | Stable in acidic conditions; ester groups hydrolyze in alkaline conditions |
Chemical Structure (Schematic):
COOH
|
(C₅H₇O₄)ₙ
|
COOH
(Polygalacturonic acid / Pectin)
SECTION 5: GELLING MECHANISM
| Pectin Type | Gelling Mechanism | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| High Methoxyl (HM) | Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions | Sugar >55%, pH <3.5 |
| Low Methoxyl (LM) | Cross-linking with calcium ions (calcium bridges) | Presence of Ca²⁺ ions |
| Amidated LM | Cross-linking with calcium | Lower calcium requirement |
SECTION 6: FOOD INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS (E440)
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Jams, Marmalades and Jellies | Gelling agent, thickener |
| Fruit Fillings | Gelling agent, stabilizer |
| Confectionery | Gelling agent, texturizer |
| Fruit Juices | Stabilizer, suspending agent |
| Dairy Products (Yogurt) | Stabilizer, thickener |
| Ice Cream | Stabilizer, prevents ice crystal formation |
| Sauces and Ketchup | Thickener, stabilizer |
| Vegan Gelatin Alternative | Plant-based gelling agent |
| Wine | Accelerates fermentation, binding agent |
| Freeze-Drying | Thickening agent with drying and preservative agents |
SECTION 7: PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Heavy Metal Poisoning | Binds lead, strontium and heavy metals |
| Cholesterol and Triglyceride Reduction | Reduces high cholesterol and triglycerides |
| Colon Cancer Prevention | Protective effect |
| Prostate Cancer Prevention | Protective effect |
| Reflux Treatment | Neutralizes stomach acid |
| Diabetes Management | Helps balance blood sugar |
| Diarrhea Treatment | With kaolin; shortens diarrhea duration |
| Oral Pharmaceutical Products | Rapid dissolution, active ingredient carrier |
| Breath Freshening Products | Carrier material |
| Controlled Release Systems | Binder and gelling agent |
| Tablet Binder | Tablet formulations |
| Suspension Stabilizer | Liquid formulations |
SECTION 8: COSMETIC APPLICATIONS
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Creams and Gels | Thickener, stabilizer |
| Face Masks | Film former, moisturizer |
| Toothpastes | Thickener, binder |
| Skin Care Products | Relieves skin conditions |
| Denture Adhesives | Adhesive due to thickening properties |
SECTION 9: OTHER APPLICATIONS
| Application | Function |
|---|---|
| Cholesterol Reducing Products | Modified with guar gum |
| Edible Toothpaste | Thickening agent |
SECTION 10: QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS (FOOD GRADE)
| Parameter | Specification (FCC / Ph. Eur.) |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Light yellow to pale brown powder |
| Identification | Positive (Pectin tests) |
| Galacturonic Acid Content | ≥ 65.0% (on dry basis) |
| Methylation Ratio (HM) | > 50% |
| Methylation Ratio (LM) | < 50% |
| pH (1% solution) | 3.0 – 4.5 |
| Moisture Content | ≤ 12.0% |
| Ash Content | ≤ 10.0% |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤ 5 ppm |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤ 3 ppm |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb) | ≤ 10 ppm |
| Methanol | ≤ 0.2% |
| Sodium (Na) | ≤ 5.0% |
| Calcium (Ca) | ≤ 1.0% |
SECTION 11: MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Total Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria | ≤ 1,000 CFU/g |
| Yeast and Mold | ≤ 100 CFU/g |
| Salmonella spp. | Negative in 25g |
| Escherichia coli | Negative in 10g |
SECTION 12: STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Cool (2-8°C), dry, well-ventilated area |
| Container Requirements | Tightly closed, original packaging (hygroscopic) |
| Protect From | Moisture, heat, strong acids, strong bases |
| Shelf Life | 24 months (unopened original packaging) |
| Stability Note | Hygroscopic; absorbs moisture; must be stored in airtight containers |
SECTION 13: PACKAGING OPTIONS
| Packaging Type | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| PE-lined kraft paper bag | 25 kg | Kraft paper + PE |
| Plastic pail | 20-25 kg | HDPE |
| Aluminum foil bag | 1-5 kg | Laminated aluminum |
| Fiber drum | 25-50 kg | HDPE + PE |
| Big-Bag | 500-1000 kg | Polypropylene |
SECTION 14: SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION
GHS Classification (Bulk Powder)
| Hazard Class | Category |
|---|---|
| Not classified as hazardous | - |
Hazard Statements
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| None | Not classified as hazardous |
Precautionary Statements
| Code | Statement |
|---|---|
| P261 | Avoid breathing dust |
| P280 | Wear protective gloves/eye protection |
| P305+P351+P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing |
SECTION 15: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Oral LD50 (Rat) | > 10,000 mg/kg |
| ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) | Not specified (JECFA) |
| Carcinogenicity | Not classified |
| Mutagenicity | Negative in standard tests |
| FDA GRAS | 21 CFR 184.1588 |
SECTION 16: FIRST AID MEASURES
| Exposure Route | Action |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Move to fresh air. If respiratory irritation persists, seek medical attention. |
| Skin Contact | Wash with plenty of soap and water. |
| Eye Contact | Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. |
| Ingestion | Rinse mouth. Drink plenty of water. Seek medical attention. |
SECTION 17: REGULATORY STATUS
| Region / Authority | Status |
|---|---|
| European Union | Approved as E440 / E440a |
| USA (FDA) | GRAS (21 CFR 184.1588) |
| Turkey | Approved (Turkish Food Codex) |
| JECFA (FAO/WHO) | Approved; ADI: Not specified |
| Codex Alimentarius | Approved (INS 440) |
| FCC | Monograph available |
| Ph. Eur. | Monograph available |
| USP | Monograph available |
SECTION 18: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| UN Number | Not regulated (not dangerous goods) |
| Hazard Class | Not applicable |
| Packing Group | Not applicable |
| ADR/RID | Not regulated |
| IMDG Code | Not regulated |
| IATA (Air) | Not regulated |
| Marine Pollutant | No |
SECTION 19: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Fire Hazard | Combustible organic solid |
| Suitable Extinguishing Media | Water spray (mist), CO₂, dry chemical powder |
| Specific Hazards | When heated, emits CO, CO₂ |
| Decomposition Products | CO, CO₂ |
| Protective Equipment | Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing |
SECTION 20: ACCIDENTAL SPILLAGE AND CLEANUP
| Parameter | Information |
|---|---|
| Personal Protection | Nitrile gloves, protective goggles, dust mask (N95) |
| Cleaning Methods | Collect mechanically (sweep or spatula) |
| Environmental Precautions | Prevent entry into drains, soil, and surface waters |
| Waste Disposal | According to local regulations; landfilling at licensed facilities |
SECTION 21: OTHER NAMES AND SYNONYMS
| Type | Name |
|---|---|
| Turkish Names | Pektin, Elma Pektini, Narenciye Pektini |
| English Names | Pectin, Apple Pectin, Citrus Pectin, Polysaccharide |
| Chemical Names | Polygalacturonate, Methyl Polygalacturonate, Galacturonan |
| E Number | E440 / E440a |
| CAS Number | 9000-69-5 |
| INCI | Pectin |
SECTION 22: SUMMARY AND CRITICAL NOTES
Product Summary
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Pectin |
| CAS Number | 9000-69-5 |
| E Number | E440 / E440a |
| Appearance | Light yellow to pale brown powder |
| Source | Apple peel, citrus peel |
| Primary Function | Gelling agent, thickener, stabilizer |
Critical Notes
-
Plant-Based Gelling Agent: Pectin is a completely plant-based gelling agent that meets all the properties of gelatin. Ideal for vegan and vegetarian products.
-
Two Main Types: High methoxyl (HM) and low methoxyl (LM) are the two main types; gelling conditions differ.
-
HM Pectin: Gels with high sugar (>55%) and low pH (<3.5); used in jam and marmalade production.
-
LM Pectin: Gels with calcium ions; used in low-sugar or sugar-free products.
-
Natural Source: Found in plant cell walls and intercellular tissues.
-
Certifications: HACCP, Halal, Kosher, ISO certifications available.
-
Non-Food Uses: Used in pharmaceuticals (heavy metal poisoning, cholesterol reduction, diarrhea treatment) and cosmetics (creams, gels, toothpaste).
-
Gelatin Alternative: Can be used instead of gelatin in vegan products.
-
Solubility: Does not dissolve in cold water; dissolves in hot water.
-
Regulatory Status: Approved in EU (E440), FDA (GRAS), JECFA, and Turkish Food Codex.
IMPORTANT DECLARATION: This Technical Data Sheet (TDS) is for informational purposes only and has been prepared based on available technical data. The user is responsible for determining the product's suitability for their specific application and for complying with all local, national, and international regulations. For complete safety, storage, use, transport, waste, and regulatory compliance information, refer to the official Safety Data Sheet (SDS/MSDS) provided by the manufacturer/supplier. This document does not replace medical advice.
